A model of optimal extraction and site reclamation

Environmental issues during and after extraction are a major problem in contemporary exhaustible resource production. Production operation deteriorates the state of the environment and is a source of possibly harmful emissions. After the extraction has ceased, the site is in need of reclamation and clean-up. This paper analyses the last two stages of exhaustible resource production: extraction and site reclamation decisions. The socially optimal regulation is investigated, and it is found that a pollution tax, a shut-down date and a requirement for the firm to deposit funds for costly reclamation can be used to incentivize socially optimal extraction of the resource. It is also found that the firm can be required to pay the monies to a reclamation trust at the beginning of the extraction operation, which protects the tax payers from the possible insolvency of the firm who tries to avoid paying for the reclamation.     

Border tax adjustments and tariff‐tax reforms with consumption pollution

We develop a model of a small open economy, where pollution per unit of consumption between domestically produced and imported quantities of the same good differs. We show that the first‐best policy combination calls for consumption taxes on all polluting goods, and border tax adjustment (BTA) measures, that is, tariffs or import subsidies. We identify conditions under which well‐known tariff‐tax reform policies for developing economies, such as a consumer‐price‐neutral piecemeal reform of trade and a consumption tax, and a consumer‐price‐neutral reform of all trade and consumption taxes improve welfare. We also evaluate whether reforms of trade taxes alone are superior to consumer‐price‐neutral reforms of trade and consumption taxes.     

浅析产品成本分离系数对煤化工企业成本核算的影响

文章结合广西柳州钢铁（集团）公司焦化厂实际情况，阐述在正确核算产品成本时，完善工序成本的核算方法，及时、科学地调整各级联产品的分离系数，是焦化行业各种产品成本核算的关键，从而说明产品成本分离系数在同一生产过程中影响联产品成本计算的重要性。     

管线用焊接钢管理化性能取样简析

结合了近期管线技术规范的发展,阐述了不同的管线标准对于理化试验取样的不同要求,根据标准要求提出了焊管的实际生产中可行的理化试验试样的取样方法。     

试析化工园区安全环保一体化管理

论文从化工园区的特点出发,探索关于安全、环保、职业卫生等方面的管理内容,分析这些内容之间的联系,从而分析化工园区内安全环保一体化管理的重要性,制定一系列按照风险管理为依据的安全环保一体化管理措施。同时,从风险管理控制的角度出发,在同一平台和标准的基础上,通过风险识别、风险评估、风险控制等系统形成风险管理手段。     

The relationship between pollution abatement costs and environmental regulation: Evidence from the Chinese industrial sector

Since the 2000s, China has been trying to strengthen emission controls in response to increasing pollution problems. However, strict implementation of emission controls generates pollution abatement costs. Using regional data for 29 provinces in the Chinese industrial sector from 1995 to 2010, this study estimated the pollution abatement costs for each province through the measurement of environmental efficiency, by applying a directional distance function approach. Moreover, using panel data analysis, this study clarified whether there is a nonlinear relationship between pollution abatement costs and environmental regulations. The empirical results are as follows. The study confirmed that the burden of abatement costs tended not only to occur in the central and western regions but also to increase in the eastern region. Moreover, the nonlinear relationship is inverted U‐shaped; thus, pollution abatement costs increase, as a negative effect of environmental regulations, until a certain inflection point, after which they decrease.     

煤焦化企业化产品利润测算模型设计及功能探讨

依据煤焦化企业主要依靠化产品收益来弥补主产品焦炭价格持续低迷造成损失的现实情况,通过建立化产品利润测算模型,运用数据计算投入与产出的关系,实现在初级化产品的销售和深加工之间的科学抉择,谋求利润最大化,从而指导煤焦化企业生产经营活动。     

有机化学实验课考核改革是提高教学质量的保证

简述了传统的有机化学实验课考核方法的弊端,阐述了改革传统的有机化学实验课考核方法的必要性和紧迫性,并建立了新的有利于培养学生创新能力、促进教与学、提高有机化学实验教学质量的考核新办法。     

生产性服务业集聚对环境污染的空间溢出效应研究

基于中国276个地级市的面板数据,运用动态空间杜宾模型探究生产性服务业集聚对环境污染的影响作用及其空间溢出效应。结果显示：中国城市环境污染存在明显的空间正相关性；生产性服务业多样化集聚不仅对本市环境污染产生抑制作用,而且对相邻城市环境污染产生负向空间溢出效应,且长期影响大于短期影响；生产性服务业专业化集聚在短期和长期均显著降低本市的环境污染,对相邻城市环境污染的影响则不显著。进一步研究发现,交通运输、仓储及邮电通信业、金融业、房地产业多样化集聚和专业化集聚均显著加剧了本市或相邻城市的环境污染；科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业多样化集聚和专业化集聚显著抑制了本市和相邻城市的环境污染；信息传输、计算机服务业和软件业多样化集聚和专业化集聚对本市和相邻城市环境污染的抑制作用仅有长期效应而无短期影响；租赁和商务服务业集聚对本市和相邻城市环境污染的影响均不显著。     

重金属污染土壤修复技术与实践初探

近年来,虽然世界工业化程度不断加深,但土壤重金属污染事件也日益增加,给社会群众的身心健康带来了严重的危害,加大土壤重金属防治力度成为人们普遍关注的话题。论文详细分析了关于重金属土壤污染的危害性,并基于物化修复、生物修复、农业生态修复的角度提出改进措施,同时列举了效果较好的土壤修复工程,以供参考。