基于GIS和RS的上海市近海岸生态系统服务价值评估

以2010年上海市遥感影像数据为主要数据源,利用GIS和RS技术,获取上海市近海岸土地利用类型空间分布信息。基于供给、 调节、 支持和文化服务四种生态系统服务类型,确立上海市近海岸生态系统服务体系;采用气候生产力修订单位生态服务价值当量因子的经济价值,从而评估上海市近海岸生态系统服务价值。研究表明：2010年上海市近海岸生态系统服务价值总量为373.32亿元,其中湿地的生态系统服务价值最高。从服务功能角度出发,调节服务功能的生态系统服务价值最高,占总量83.22%。     

Port system evolution – the case of Latin America and the Caribbean

The explosion of global container trade in the last two decades has significantly influenced the port geography of Latin America & the Caribbean (LAC), leading to a concentration of container traffic at selected ports. Theory suggests that, as port systems become mature, they tend to deconcentration, partly due to the emergence of secondary ports. Previous research has examined the region’s dominant ports, but an unanswered research question is how the evolution of this port system is influencing and being influenced by the actions of those ports currently occupying a secondary rank in the LAC port hierarchy.The methodology is based primarily on analysis of time series data on container movements between 1997 and 2012, revealing patterns of cargo flows and transhipment location choices. The institutional context of devolution processes and new investments in the region provides additional insight into the performance of selected ports. From a theoretical perspective, this analysis is situated within the context of recent institutional approaches that examine the port’s ability to act through critical moments and junctures, in order to deepen understanding of which of the various factors influencing port system deconcentration are the most sensitive to successful institutional adaptations.Results show that the manufacturing of strategic locations can be successful and may have driven the emergence of secondary ports in the LAC system. This finding demonstrates how path dependence can be challenged by new developments, the identification and success of which are nevertheless contingent on factors such as the first mover advantage, port planning regimes and diversification of port roles. The paper identifies some of the key factors influencing the transition of a port system from concentration at a few dominant ports to a deconcentrated system of primary and secondary ports, which can be applied to other port systems in future research.     

运用SNMP技术统计分析DSLAM端口占用率

DSLAM端口占用率统计分析历来是个十分困难的问题,而通过SNMP对DSLAM端口使用状态进行分析,并将使用状态记录在数据库中,再用程序对记录做相应的处理,便可分析出在网运行DSLAM端口的占用率。     

平鄂煤港打造国家级煤炭仓储交易基地的可行性研究

平鄂煤港是是中平能化集团实现煤炭大物流战略的重要平台,本文从平鄂煤港现状、战略背景分析、吞吐量预测、港口煤炭配仓储所采取举措等方面,对平鄂煤港打造国家级煤炭仓储交易基地可行性进行了阐述和研究。     

钦州保税港区推动建设区域性国际物流中心

钦州保税港区将成为广西北部湾经济区开放开发的核心平台,成为中国-东盟合作及面向国际开放开发的区域性国际航运中心、物流中心和出口加工基地。文章运用SWOT方法对当前形势下钦州保税港区发展区域物流的优势、劣势、机遇、威胁和挑战进行综合分析,提出了建设区域性国际物流中心的策略。     

Port economic cost functions: A service perspective

Ports provide services rather than producing physical products. However, port cost functions specify port cost as functions of physical products, e.g., port cargo throughput long-run cost is a function of port resource prices and cargo throughput (a physical product). In comparison, port cargo service long-run cost is a function of port resource prices, cargo service and shipper cargo received. The shipper provides cargo that is serviced by the port. A service cannot be touched and its user is involved in its provision. This paper derives port cost functions for which port outputs are “service outputs”, e.g., cargo, vessel and vehicle services.     

The beach as a strategic element of governance for Spanish coastal towns

Governance models and future strategic visions for Spain's beach social–ecological systems are assessed using an online questionnaire. Beaches continue to represent the most valuable attraction for Spanish coastal towns, but their strategic vision regarding the beach consists more of it being a profitable attraction and of maintaining the traditional “sun and sand” model, rather than of planning strategically. There are three trends looking to 2020. First, beach resorts are becoming linked with culture and heritage, gastronomy, events and ecotourism to enhance their attraction capacity and competitiveness. Second, the coastal towns plan to reduce the strain on beaches by increasing the number of square metres of sand per user. Third, they plan to reduce the strain of the seasonal population compared to the year-round population. Two indices (Beach Quality and Governance Quality) and two factors (Beach Management Proximity and Tourist Resource Expectations) were developed to assess municipal beach governance frameworks, enabling us to construct a typology of four municipal governance models. The country follows a classical public hierarchical model of beach management. Other than at the local scale, beaches are not strategically managed. There is a lack of implementation of adaptive measures, collective actions, integrated management, or policy learning.     

Influences on coastal tourism demand and substitution behaviors from climate change impacts and hazard recovery responses

Climate change impacts can negatively affect tourism demand and, subsequently, local economies by disrupting access and altering physical conditions, including those from adaptation and recovery efforts. Research is needed that helps destinations become more climate ready, including studies of decision factors that influence trip-taking behaviors. This paper presents findings from a discrete choice experiment to determine how physical and economic changes could affect visitation behaviors to a vulnerable coastal destination, the Outer Banks region of North Carolina, USA. We embedded our experiment within an on-site visitor survey to reveal thresholds of negative changes to coastal attributes that tourists are willing to tolerate, and also examined tourists’ willingness to substitute their future trips to the region. Transportation-related changes had the highest relative importance among the four selected attributes. The likelihood of three types of spatial substitution, spurred by not being able to access the destination, were consistently related to residency but less consistently related to place meanings, visitation history, and other demographic variables. Study results can inform climate change planning within coastal zones to minimize negative impacts to tourism demand, such as the need to develop creative revenue streams to maintain resilience in communities that rely on occupancy taxes.     

面向港区平面交叉口安全性评价的微观交通仿真模型

本文基于交通冲突技术(TCT),通过建立港区交叉口交通流微观仿真模型,对影响港区交叉口安全性的主要冲突类型进行分析评价。结合港区道路交通特性,仿真模型引入车型参数控制因素,以车辆间冲突制动距离为评价指标,并对大型车辆弯道行驶轨迹及其产生的冲突进行了分析,通过采用改进的二维元胞自动机模型,对车辆在元胞中的加速、减速以及位移规则进行了改进。通过仿真得出,在实验条件下,跟驰冲突是影响平面交叉口安全性的主要冲突类型,侧面冲突是影响交叉口通行能力的主要冲突类型,仿真结果及分析表明了本文交通仿真模型的有效性。     

影响渔港避风能力的因素分析

渔港的避风能力直接关系到渔民的生命财产安全,是渔民最为关心的问题。在对浙江19个和福建14个渔港实地调研的基础上,对影响渔港避风能力的因素进行系统分析,得到了一些有价值的结论,为今后避风型渔港和避风锚地的建设提供科学的依据。