集体林权制度改革后生态公益林管理体制探索——以全国林改典型霍山县为例

通过对全国林改典型县、安徽重点林区县—霍山县的集体林权制度改革、生态公益林建设的调查研究,系统分析了集体林权改革对公益林建设各方产生的影响,针对林改后生态公益林管理机制面临的新情况和新问题,提出了政策性建议。     

农村集体建设用地基准地价初步研究——以安徽省良玉村为例

以安徽省良玉村为例,对农村集体建设用地的地价内涵、估价方法、地价影响因素进行了研究,并从6个方面选取了影响土地价格最为密切的17个因子,采用层次分析法定级,其定级综合分值位于0.35—0．65之间,土地等级被划分为四个,主要评价单元属于二级水平。考虑集体建设用地的特点,采用收益还原法、成本逼近法、市场比较法计算样点地价,并采用平均值法分别确定商业用地、住宅用地、工业用地的基准地价。结果表明：对于商业用地和住宅用地,一级土地和二级土地之间的价格差异最大,其余各级土地之间的地价差异依次递减,表明土地质量越好,价格反映越敏感。同级土地价格变化范围的差异：商业用地价格级差大于住宅用地,住宅用地大于工业用地,表明与城镇建设用地相同,集体建设用地地价对土地质量敏感性的反应也是商业用地〉住宅用地〉工业用地。     

集体林权制度改革社会效应的区域分异比较——以福建省8县市为例

选取福建省永安市等8县（市）,通过建立评价指标体系,采用李克特式5点量表调查法对各指标进行打分、主成分分析法确定其权重的方法对集体林权制度改革的综合社会效应进行综合比较与分析。结果表明：福建省通过集体林权制度改革政策的实施,在森林资源质量、林农经营效果、森林防火、社会文明、区位环境与基础设施建设等方面取得了一定的社会成效,但也存在林地及有林地面积减少与区域生态质量下降等方面的不足。不同区域间的林改政策实施效果存在差异,但差距不大。8县（市）的综合效果依次为：永安市〉厦门市〉德化县〉武夷山市〉建阳市〉邵武市〉上杭县〉光泽县,永安市最好,光泽县最差,并略差于“林改”前。“均山制”与“均股制”政策的实施效果要好于村小组集体经营政策。     

初中思想品德学科集体备课研究

在禁止义务教育阶段的学校利用节假日补课的新形势下,各个初中学校开始努力转变教育教学理念,改变教学方式,提出＂向40分钟的课堂教学要效率＂。面对时间紧、任务重的课堂教学,通过集体备课提高教学效益显得尤为重要。集体备课是非常重要的环节,集体备课质量的高低直接影响教学目标的实现及教学效果。文章分析了当前初中学校思想品德学科集体备课的现状及存在的问题,并对如何提高集体备课的效益进行了初步探讨。     

农地流转参与主体与社会福利的关联度

我国经济的持续、快速发展和城镇化进程的加快推进,在很大程度上依靠农村集体土地转用为城市国有建设用地提供的资源支撑。然而,我国存在的农村与城市二元土地制度、国家垄断城市土地一级市场、农村集体土地产权制度的模糊等土地制度和政策缺陷,成为制约城市社会经济发展和城镇化、工业化进程的关键。在充分考虑集体建设用地入市流转的各参与主体利益及社会福利变化的基础上,应引入农村建设用地发展权的市场交易模式,建立和规范城乡统一建设用地市场,提高土地要素的流动和利用效率。     

河南省农地流转市场机制构成、原则及路径

为了加快河南农业现代化、城乡一体化的步伐,建立农地流转市场机制既有必要也有可能。土地供需机制、价格形成机制、土地市场竞争机制是我省农村土地流转市场机制构成的三个要素。建立农地流转市场机制需遵循经济、社会和生态效益相统一、保护耕地、公平、公开、公正等原则。明晰农地流转的产权关系、规范农地流转行为、推行新型土地股份合作制是构建农地流转市场机制的基本路径。     

浅论“小产权房”的出路——以法定租赁权为视角

"小产权房"问题在我国已经从一个单纯的法律问题演变为具有普遍意义的社会问题;该问题的出现,有着我国政治体制层面的症结,从根本上而言,是我国城乡二元结构的产物;"小产权房"牵动着我国社会主义基本的土地制度、政治经济制度,涉及粮食安全、户籍制度、社会保障等重大问题在内的众多领域;通过设立法定租赁制度,将"小产区房"问题回归到一个单纯的法律问题,在不改变我国现有土地制度及相关政策的前提下,为"小产权房"问题的解决提供了有效的出路。     

Improving Human Wellbeing and Ecosystem Health on BC’s Coast: The Challenge Posed by Historic Resource Extraction

Synopsis Haida Gwaii and the Great Bear Rainforest (GBR) comprise the world’s largest intact coastal temperate rainforest. British Columbia has encouraged industrial logging of this region. As a result, ecological values have been eroded and natural capital has been drawn down. The logging industry has provided few local economic benefits. Colonization and industrial resource extraction have contributed to high levels of social distress in First Nations communities. Since 2001, logging companies, environmental organizations, and the provincial and First Nations governments have collaborated in developing an Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) approach. EBM is intended to maintain ecosystem integrity and improve human wellbeing. In 2006, the province began implementing EBM by setting aside one third of the GBR’s land base from logging and by proposing transitional EBM requirements. This paper draws on stumpage and forest cover data to analyze natural capital depletion. The analysis indicates that much of the GBR’s natural capital, as represented by timber, has been depleted. Industrial logging was already on the decline before the decision was taken to implement an EBM approach. Expectations for improved socio-economic outcomes under EBM may not be realistic given the constraints implied by past logging. If EBM performance is measured using conventional economic indicators without accounting for past depletion, it risks being found to have failed the goal of improving human wellbeing. This would create pressure to relax EBM provisions to allow more logging, an outcome that would fail both ecosystems and human communities in the long term. If much reduced extraction levels are to support local human wellbeing, a greater share of economic benefits must be retained locally.      

基于集体行动视角的制度变迁分析

一个社会的信任、合作水平决定了集体行动的效率,进而影响制度创新的能力和制度变迁的路径。在转轨过程中,国家既要发挥制度创新的主体作用,又要提高社会的信任和合作水平,提高成员在社会事务中的参与程度,以克服集体行动的困难,破解制度惰性与制度变迁路径依赖的难题。     

The Confines of Stakeholder Management: Evidence from the Dutch Manufacturing Sector

Stakeholder theory is a pertinent example of a framework that has been stretched over many conceptual contexts and that has been applied to a wide variety of empirical phenomena. A pressing issue involves the scope of application of stakeholder theory, however, because it is not a comprehensive ethical scheme or problem-solving algorithm. We begin our search for the boundaries of stakeholder management by identifying a presently under-acknowledged yet major underlying assumption, notably that the approach is rooted in voluntary action and association. Building on this presumption, we argue that firm – stakeholder relationships are best to be understood in contractualist terms; i.e. as voluntary arrangements between two or more parties seeking mutual benefit. This assertion subsequently allows us to identify three boundary conditions applying to stakeholder theory: (1) the parties should be sufficiently autonomous; (2) their interests need to be alignable; and (3) they should be capableof living up to their commitments. We substantiate these criteria with evidence from a collective case study of buyer – supplier relationships in the Dutch manufacturing sector, demonstrating that the stakeholder management model fails when these boundary criteria are violated.