基于需求特性分类的电力物资库存管理策略设计

针对目前电力物资管理领域存在的标准化程度不高、物资采购计划与物资需求计划脱节和物资库存过高等问题,提出了一种基于需求特性分析的物资分类方法,通过对不同物资的细分来设计各个子类的库存管理策略矩阵。需求特性分析过程中,以上海市电力公司的电力物资为例,阐明了所提出方法的适用性和可行性。     

The synchronization club: classification of global economic groups by inequality

We find that, from 1970 to 2006, the GDPs of 181 countries are described by a log-normal with a power law tail before 1992, but by a kinked power law distribution after 1992. In the 15 years from 1992 to 2006, there are two obvious scale-free zones for annual GDPs, ranked from the largest to smallest. If the countries in each scaling region are regarded as a group, the world is divided into two groups, each with a roughly stable number of members. The power exponents of the two groups are different and hence lead to different inequalities. Therefore, the basis for classification is the macro-consistent inequality within each group. The wealth grows in a synchronous nonlinear manner within groups that have a stable wealth distribution and rank structure. If each group is considered as a club, we name it a ‘synchronization club’.     

电力设计企业开展海外输电线路EPC总承包的基本策略

目前在工程项目EPC总承包中,以设计企业为龙头的总包形式居多。结合_v-fir．实践,对电力设计企业开展海外输电线路EPC总承包的基本策略进行了探讨,指出设计企业可通过投标阶段的细致工作、中标后设计方案的优化、施工图设计阶段的基础合理配置、分包招标阶段主材供应商和施工分包商的甄选以及组建强有力的项目管理团队等方式达到控制投资、安全、质量、工期和规避风险的目的。     

论电力监管绩效在良性关系层面的实现

电力监管是电力市场化改革中的一项重要的制度安排。从电力监管实施的实践来看,监管者与被监管者之间的认同感、互动性的存在与否直接影响着监管绩效。需要深入研究围绕监管行为双方的科学定位、关系构建及合适的自身行为取向。在现阶段,有效的监管绩效的取得需要共识下的合作加以实现。     

制造业产出服务化对企业绩效的作用机制 ——基于产品市场竞争的视角

制造业服务化是先进制造业与现代服务业融合的重要内涵之一,按生产关系分为投入服务化和产出服务化,产出服务化反映了制造企业向“微笑曲线”两端服务环节转型。基于产品市场竞争视角,从市场势力和产品差异化两方面探究制造业产出服务化对企业绩效的作用机制,并通过构建产出服务化测算指标,选取2008-2018年中国1987家上市公司的面板数据,运用PSM-DID方法对制造业产出服务化与企业绩效的关系进行实证检验。研究表明:(1)制造业产出服务化显著提升了企业绩效,但存在明显的地域与所有制差异。东部、中部地区以及民营制造企业产出服务化对企业绩效的提升效果较为显著,西部地区以及国有制造企业绩效的提升在考察期内并不明显,外资企业产出服务化降低了企业绩效水平;(2)制造业产出服务化可通过“市场势力”效应和“产品差异化”效应共同促进企业绩效水平的提升。但在地域与所有制上差异显著,东部、中部地区以及民营制造企业存在“市场势力”效应和“产品差异化”效应,西部地区、国有以及外资制造企业产出服务化虽能有效提高企业的市场势力和产品差异化水平,但对企业绩效水平的提升并不明显。因此,应从市场环境、社会分工、人力资本积累等方面为制造业服务化提供保障,帮助制造企业获取竞争优势。     

Marx 200: The Abiding Relevance of the Labour Theory of Value

ABSTRACT

Marxist political economy is alive and well, and not just because of the habitual turn to Marx in response to any crisis of capitalism. Both through Capital and through the continuing evolution of Marxism, Marxist political economy offers valuable insights that can illuminate the modalities of social and economic reproduction and the relationships between (different aspects of) the economic and the non-economic. Marxism’s presence has been felt through its own internal debates and debates with other approaches to political economy, and even through its influence on those reacting against Marxism. The key to the continuing relevance and analytical strengths of Marxist political economy lies in its capacity to provide a framework of analysis for unifying disparate insights into and critiques of the contradictions of capitalism across the social sciences. The instrument for forging that unity is Marx’s theory of value, the potential of which is examined and illustrated with reference to the Sraffian critique and two key concepts in Marxian political economy: the value of labour power and financialisation. They are explored in the light of the processes of commodification, commodity form and commodity calculation.     

Net neutrality and market power: The case of South Africa

Net neutrality rules have been implemented in many developed countries, often in response to concerns over network operator market power and potential blocking or throttling of content. However, developing countries typically have significantly lower levels of internet penetration and usage. Market power in respect of internet access looks quite different given that mobile is the predominant means of connection and there are often three or more mobile operators. In South Africa, there is a quasi-monopoly in the paid satellite broadcasting market and broadband providers zero-rating content from third parties (such as Netflix) may bring about more competition. We test the main theories of harm arising in the net neutrality debate, including network operator market power and exclusion among content providers using data on the number of announced prefixes and peers and IP addresses and considering examples of bundling and zero-rating conduct by operators. We find that net neutrality rules are less likely to be required in South Africa and other developing countries and that strict enforcement of such rules could in fact hinder competition in markets for content, telecommunications networks and other related markets.     

价值规律在电力市场中的作用

通过对价值规律基本内容及表现形式的介绍,论述了电力市场运营机制中的供求机制、竞争机制和电价机制的实现,在此基础上分析了电力市场中供求机制与价格机制的相互关系,并对价值规律在国外电力市场中的研究和在国内电力市场化改革中的作用作了相应的阐述,目的是希望在我国电力市场化改革过程中,充分注意电力工业固有的特点来运用价值规律.     

Why members stay in or leave an R&D consortium: performance and conditions of membership as determinants of continuity

This paper jointly examines performance and conditions surrounding membership as determinants of the decision to stay or leave an R&D consortium. Hypotheses were developed for performance and, by drawing from power dependence and transaction cost theories, for conditions surrounding membership. Analysis of survey questionnaire data from 184 member organizations of U.S.-based R&D consortia indicates that performance and the conditions of knowledge-related involvement, network ties, learning, and alternatives are related to the decision to stay in or leave. These results provide limited support for power dependence but are more consistent with transaction cost theory. Subsequent analyses revealed an interaction between performance and membership conditions, suggesting performance leads to the conditions of membership, and that the continuity decision for a poorly performing consortium differs from that for one performing well. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.