少数民族地区高等教育的发展与区域经济增长的关系——以云南大理白族自治州为例

少数民族地方高等教育与区域经济科学发展不是简单的决定与被决定的关系,也不是毫不相干的平行关系,而是在一个大环境下互相促进、共同发展的利益共同体关系。区域经济发展得好,地方高等教育就有了强大的物质支撑力和载体;地方高等教育发展上去了,又能反过来推动区域经济上新台阶。通过这种良性互动两者将实现双赢。文章以云南大理白族自治州作实证分析,提出策略选择。     

Customer Involvement in Product Development: An Industrial Network Perspective

Purpose: In business markets, working with customers and users has become increasingly important to get knowledge about customer needs and to develop new products. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to develop a framework for analyzing customer involvement in product development in a business market context, and (2) to apply this framework to a particular company to describe and analyze how it practices customer involvement.

Methodology/approach: The article takes its main theoretical starting point in the industrial network approach, but also uses other literature from the innovation and product development field. The empirical study applies a qualitative case study approach and focuses on one company in the truck business.

Findings: The suggested framework deals with four key aspects of customer involvement: Why, when, how, and who. The observed pattern of the truck manufacturer shows how dealers, hauliers, and truck drivers are all part of the overall understanding of the customer. These actors are involved for different, typically very clear, purposes at different points in time through surveys, product clinics, and field testing. The pattern, referred to as mixed facilitative, is not one of close collaboration with individual customers, but one of broad involvement of several customers through business intelligence and direct involvement.

Research implications: First, the article provides researchers with a framework and method for studying customer involvement in product development. Second, the case study provides an illustrative example of the customer involvement pattern pursued by a leading company in a major industry. This enhances the understanding of the focal phenomenon, leads to managerial implications, and gives ideas for future research.

Practical implications: There are several managerial implications related to the why, when, how, and who questions. For example, it is pointed out that managers should consider involving customers more extensively than what seems to be common today—for example, by using customers as codevelopers, working with them throughout the entire development process (i.e., not only early and late), and including different types of users (with different requirements and wishes).

Originality/value/contribution of the article: The contribution lies in the development of a framework centered on the four key questions of customer involvement in

product development and using this framework for observing a pattern, and finding explanations and relating this pattern to how other firms are doing.     

产业集群与人才集群的互动关系初探——基于系统动力学的思想框架

首先综述了产业集群与人才集群的相关理论，重点分析产业集群与产业集聚以及人才集群的区别与联系；继而基于系统动力学理论，从产业集群促进人才集群和人才集群促进产业集聚两个角度研究两者的互动关系；最后从微观、中观、宏观三个层次阐述促进产业集群与人才集群两者互动的政策建议。     

Social Interaction Effects in Disability Pension Participation: Evidence from Plant Downsizing*

We estimate the magnitude of social interaction effects in disability pension participation among older workers in Norway. The problem of omitted variable bias is addressed using the exposure of an individual's neighbors to plant‐downsizing events as an instrument for the disability entry rate among the individual's previously employed neighbors. Our instrumental variable (IV) estimates suggest that an increase of one percentage point in the participation rate of previously employed neighbors increased the subsequent four‐year entry rate of older workers by about 0.4 percentage points. Numerous robustness and specification tests appear to support the validity of the identifying assumption in our IV strategy.     

论科技权力与政治权力互动关系

大科学时代,科技权力与政治权力日益成为对人类社会发展影响深刻和显著的两大权力系统。一方面,科技权力不仅作为生产力的手段推动着经济社会的发展,还推动着政治权力的变革和完善。另一方面,政治权力通过行政的、法律的等手段不同程度地影响和制约着科技权力的发展速度,规定和引导着科技权力的发展方向。认清科技权力和政治权力的二元互动关系,无论对于我国科技权力的发展还是政治权力的进步都具有一定的意义。     

经管类专业与企业互动实践教学模式研究

在应用型人才培养为目标的大背景下，文章针对高校经管类专业的教学特点，剖析了经营中内外交困的企业与高校经管类专业合作的迫切性，提出校企步调一致，互通有无，共破困境。走共谋发展、共享资源、共研难题的双赢道路。     

课堂师生互动 提高课堂效率

在当今这个知识腾飞的年代,掌握知识的多少已经不是教学的最终目标,如何学会知识这才是最重要的。新课改理念下的师生互动就是克服传统课堂中的单一枯燥的教学行为,打破课堂的沉闷,让学生在一种愉悦亢奋的状态中主动学习、积极思考。基础教育的任务不仅仅是传授知识,更重要的是让学生学会学习,培养可持续的学习动机和终身学习的愿望和能力。本文通过对师生互动的前提、师生互动的保证、师生互动的基础、师生互动的内在动力、师生互动的修养、师生互动的提问等几个方面来阐述如何落实师生互动,提高课堂效率,使师生互动的价值在数学课中真正显现出来。     

The Role of Individualism/Collectivism in Critical Classroom Encounters

Abstract

Internationalization raises the issue of whether, and to what extent, the inherent culture of a country may have particular influence on the nature of service interactions, and on education (i.e., student-professor interactions) specifically. Thus the service encounter in the classroom becomes a subject of increasing importance and interest with respect to satisfactory and unsatisfactory outcomes, and also with respect to related behavioral outcomes such as word-of-mouth and repatronage. This paper investigates these issues in classrooms of higher education by utilizing the Individualism-Collectivism dimension of culture in four different samples: China, New Zealand, Poland, and the United States. Differences are identified with respect to the types of critical incidents reported, nature of the outcome, and behavioral responses to those encounters.     

From Selling to Relationship Marketing at International Trade Fairs

Abstract

The role of international trade fairs in establishing and developing buyer-seller relations has been overlooked by most marketing scholars. Based on a survey of sellers at international trade fairs, relationship marketing at trade fairs is analyzed. Using an interaction approach, some propositions are developed. The article suggests that international trade fairs play a significant role in reducing uncertainty and distance for industrial marketers and in demonstrating commitment to the buyer-seller relationship development process. The implications for practitioners, as well as for future research, are discussed.