从供应链的视角看新疆乳制品企业的现状及对策分析

新疆与内蒙古、青海与西藏并称为中国四大牧区,拥有天山北坡、伊犁河谷、南疆绿洲等大畜牧基地,草场面积辽阔,达到5133万hm2,具有发展乳业得天独厚的优势。然而,具有如此优势的新疆乳业却很少能走出新疆,与内地特别是内蒙乳业发展差距很大,而且,新疆没有出现象"蒙牛"和"伊利"这样能享誉全国的乳品龙头企业,本文试图从供应链的视角看新疆乳制品企业的发展状况,希望把这种新型的结构介绍给企业。     

黑龙江省乳业发展对策研究

随着黑龙江省乳业在国民经济中的比重加大 ,乳业将成为区域经济新的增长点和农民增收的新途径。但是 ,黑龙江省乳业生产规模小 ,高级专业人才的缺乏 ,产品创新后劲的不足 ,融资渠道不畅等问题 ,已成为黑龙江省乳业发展壮大的瓶颈。应确定相应的规模发展、人才资源发展等研发战略 ,形成具有特色的乳产业基地 ,成为带动龙江经济发展的核心产业     

促进黑龙江乳制品产业集群发展的对策建议

当前,黑龙江省在培育和发展乳制品产业集群的过程中,存在的问题主要有政府功能缺失,分工协作网络尚未形成,中介机构发展滞后等。黑龙江省应转变政府职能,建立服务型政府,提供基础设施和公共服务,利用财政政策和税收政策为集群内企业提供便利的融资渠道;发展中介组织,充分发挥中介组织在市场化进程中的作用,促进产业的升级;提高集群内分工合作水平,形成产业集聚自我强化的内在机制;增强行业协会的服务、协调能力,培育信任、合作的产业集群文化,积极促进多种文化的融合,从而提高黑龙江乳制品产业的竞争力,促进乳制品企业健康发展。     

Feeding management of dairy cattle affect grassland dynamics in an alpine pasture

The effect of different supplementary feeding rates for grazing cattle on high-altitude pastures dynamics was evaluated. A field experiment was carried out during three years in a subalpine pasture area of the Eastern Alps. The investigated pasture area was 40?ha, located between 1820 and 2230?m?a.s.l. Two paddocks were chosen in the experiment and two herds of 12 cattle each were kept in the two enclosures for 5 weeks. For the first herd (HS), the supplementary feeding rate was 4.8?kg?OM?head^?1 per day, while for the second herd (LS), the rate was 1.6?kg?OM?head^?1 per day. The amount of herbage consumed by each cattle was determined using the n-alkane technique. To monitor the pasture vegetation dynamics, eight metal exclusion cages were placed in each paddock to determine herbage growth, utilization rates, vegetation composition and animal grazing selectivity. Grazing behaviour of dairy cattle, in terms of herbage intake and species selection was affected by the different feeding rates. Cattle grazing Paddock HS consumed 1.9?kg?OM?day^?1 of herbage less than Paddock LS. In the LS paddock, cattle grazed higher phytomass rates. When the animals were fed by higher concentrate rates, a more selective grazing seemed to significantly increase the pasture necromass component. The lower grazing selectivity favoured the development of species as Nardus stricta and Deschampsia caespitosa, which are well known for their low palatability. Distinct vegetation dynamic patterns were observed, with a reduction of hair grass and an increase of legumes in the Paddock LS.     

基于SWOT分析的黑龙江省乳业发展策略

通过SWOT模型分析黑龙江省乳业发展的优势、劣势、机遇与威胁,结果表明:黑龙江省乳业在奶源、成本价格、产业基础方面具有优势,乳品消费需求的增长、宏观政策的扶持为黑龙江省乳业的发展提供了机遇,但是由于饲养方式落后、产品同质化严重等问题,黑龙江省乳业尚未显示出强大的竞争力。黑龙江省乳业应根据实际情况,进军细分市场,塑造品牌形象,大力推进标准化、规模化养殖,建立生态牧场示范园区,加强人才培养,促进黑龙江省乳业健康发展。     

Economic Meltdown in Malaysia

Abstract

The economic downturn in Malaysia has encouraged a debate on the benefits of its export-oriented industrialisation strategy. There is renewed interest in the agricultural and livestock sectors. One of the beneficiaries of this policy change could be the dairy farming sector. Using desktop research and ‘key-informant’ techniques, this study reviews various factors that could influence the development of the dairy farming sector in Malaysia. The study concludes that the (a) Government may encourage the start-up of integrated plantation crop, animal feed and livestock farms, (b) investment and trade linkages with neighbouring countries could lead to diversification of import sources, and (c) consumption of dairy products may have matured, leading to increases in dairy self-sufficiency. It is postulated that these developments will produce a dynamic environment and significant threats to the interests of traditional dairy exporting countries.     

二噁英的理化性质及在乳及乳制品中污染的研究进展

本文主要分析了二噁英的理化性质,重点介绍了乳及乳制品中二噁英的污染情况,并提出有效措施给予预防和解决,以有效降低二噁英在乳及乳制品中的危害性,确保乳及乳制品行业的健康发展.通过对二噁英的理化性质进行研究,为乳及乳制品的安全生产提供可靠保障,以实现经济与社会效益的最大化.     

荷兰奶业发展经验的剖析与启示

该文对荷兰奶业发展经验进行了全面总结,从经济学的角度,对荷兰奶业发展的优势、行为与绩效,进行了详细分析,总结了值得借鉴的经验,提出了我国奶业发展的政策建议。     

Modelling New Zealand dairy products: evidence on export survival and duration

This article presents evidence concerning the pattern of New Zealand dairy exports duration and survival from 1989 to 2017. It also analyses the influence of a set of supply, demand and gravity‐type drivers on the hazard rate for New Zealand dairy export relationships. The findings are summarised as follows. First, New Zealand dairy export relationships are dynamic with numerous entries and exits to and from foreign markets. Around half of the relationships survived for only 1–2 years at the sequence level. Second, duration of sequence, left‐censoring, initial export, decomposed sequences, New Zealand export price index, the number of cows available for dairy production, the number of origins and destinations, and destination partner’s GDP are the most significant factors reducing the hazard rate of export relationships. As regards the effects of the non‐tariff measures, it is interesting that technical barriers of trade are found to significantly decrease the hazard rate. Only pre‐shipment inspection and contingent trade protective measures are significant impediments to New Zealand dairy export relationships. Finally, hazard probabilities for New Zealand dairy export relationships are estimated to be ‘L‐shaped’ over time, whether or not non‐tariff measures are applied to New Zealand dairy products.     

Effects of EU dairy policy reform for Dutch dairy farming: a primal approach using GMM estimation

This paper estimates a production function for milk using ageneralised method of moments estimator to avoid the endogeneityproblem. Using the first-order conditions for profit maximisation,the economic effects for individual Dutch dairy farms of the2003 EU dairy policy reform are analysed. With an expected milkprice decrease of 21 per cent, profit decreases on average by22 per cent. EU direct payments compensate for roughly 53 percent of this fall in profit. The profit reduction means that69 per cent of all small farms have negative income from farming,compared with 15 per cent in the initial situation.