乳制品质量安全追溯系统的研究与设计

乳制品质量安全追溯系统,对乳品企业原材料验收与管理、生产过程控制指标、出厂检验报告、不合格产品管理、产品出厂销售记录和数据查询等进行实时监控,实现对原辅料供应商、生产过程、控制指标、质量责任人员等信息的溯源查询功能,并能够与监管部门的电子信息溯源、电子监管各系统相兼容,为乳品质量安全加上一把"保护锁"。乳业质量安全追溯系统在濮阳市天然林牧业牧场、濮阳市皇哺牛奶有限公司成功试点后,目前已经初步实现了从原料到成品、从成品到原料的跟踪与溯源功能。     

中国大型乳品企业供应链的研究

中国乳品市场的变化必将使乳品企业的供应链作相应的调整以适应这种改变,如何进行改变是各乳品企业必须要思考的问题。本文通过对大型乳品企业供应链现状形成的原因及实践情况的分析,总结出其中存在的问题并提出相应的建议,以期对中国的乳品企业具有借鉴作用。     

Markups,organic agriculture and downstream concentration at the example of European dairy farmers

A competitive environment, highly concentrated processing and retailing sectors as well as increasing decoupling of direct payments from production volumes and the area under cultivation incentivizes farmers to find alternative ways to improve their bargaining position towards downstream companies. This article explores the possibilities of organic agriculture to enhance the bargaining power of farmers along with the role of concentration in downstream industries. Using a dataset with more than 200,000 observations from approximately 40,000 dairy farms, I estimate markups of price over marginal cost in dairy farming as a measure of market power in the EU. The results show that organic farmers achieve a significant markup premium over conventional farmers. With increasing market shares of organic milk in total milk production markups of conventional farmers diminish whereas those of organic farmers are unaffected. Farm-level markups decrease with increasing market shares of medium-sized dairy processors and increase with increasing market shares of large processors. The presence of large multinational retail chains shows an adverse impact on farmers’ markups.     

An economic evaluation of market development programmes for US dairy products

‘This study measured the effectiveness of US dairy export promotion programmes on increasing foreign demand and enhancing producers’ revenues. An import demand equation based on panel data was used to test whether export promotion has a positive and significant impact on US dairy exports. The effects of various promotion scenarios on the dairy market were then simulated, and benefit–cost ratios (BCRs) for these programmes were estimated. There were three key findings. First, the combined effort of public and private dairy export promotion expenditures had a positive and statistically significant impact on demand for US dairy products in the world market. The findings indicated that export promotion stimulated total dairy exports by 4.14 billion pounds, on average, per year, which represented 55.8% of total exports. Second, US dairy export promotion has been highly profitable for the nation’s dairy farmers. The calculated BCRs, based on assumed elasticity of supply, ranged from a low of 8.54 for the most elastic assumption to a high of 30.12. Third, from an optimality standpoint, dairy farmers are underinvesting in export promotion. The marginal BCRs ranged from a low of 3.79 to a high of 15.22, which means that, at the margin, increasing export promotion expenditures would be profitable for dairy farmers.     

二噁英的理化性质及在乳及乳制品中污染的研究进展

本文主要分析了二噁英的理化性质,重点介绍了乳及乳制品中二噁英的污染情况,并提出有效措施给予预防和解决,以有效降低二噁英在乳及乳制品中的危害性,确保乳及乳制品行业的健康发展.通过对二噁英的理化性质进行研究,为乳及乳制品的安全生产提供可靠保障,以实现经济与社会效益的最大化.     

品牌认同视角下“生产商-经销商-终端商”价值共创的逻辑再构

随着产业链与供应链的深入与完善,以品牌认同为引领的价值创造再一次引起关注,基于生产商-经销商-终端商三位一体的价值共创思维是重塑品牌形象强化品牌认同的关键.研究认为:经销商层面中人口基数、人均可支配收入、配送能力等是实现价值增值的因素,生产商层面中市场费用支持、分销政策支持、品牌战略提升是促进价值提升的关键,终端商层面中客情维护、货龄管理、品牌维护是保障价值实现的途径.     

基于人工免疫的乳品供应链质量安全风险预警研究

针对日益凸显的乳品质量安全问题,建立及时有效的乳品预警机制已经变得至关重要。文中从供应链的角度构建乳品质量安全风险指标体系。结合人工免疫及负选择算法并加以改进,建立基于人工免疫的乳品质量安全风险模型,并对某乳品企业的乳品质量安全风险进行了预警分析。研究结果表明文中建立的乳品质量安全风险预警模型能够定量分析乳品质量安全状态并有效预警,为实施乳品安全供应链监管提供了新思路和方法。     

Who is Going to Supply the Milk to China＇s South？

China＇s dairy industry has experienced rapid expansion in recent years, with an average annual growth rate of 23.8 percent from 2000 to 2006. However, there exists a serious geographical distribution imbalance in milk production and consumption. Approximately 85 percent of China＇s milk is produced in northern China, where 40 percent of the country＇s population reside. In contrast, only about 15 percent of the milk is produced in China＇s south, where 60percent of China＇s population reside. This has resulted in a significant gap between milk production and consumption in southern China and this gap is expected to rise. This paper considers China＇s milk demand and supply situation, analyzes the likely potential for China to expand its milk production and explores options for meeting milk demand-supply shortages. Policy and trade implications are discussed.     

Policy, milk and the Dar es Salaam peri-urban zone: a new future for an old development theme?

This paper provides an analysis of 50 years of policy aimed at ensuring an adequate milk supply to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Despite a variety of policy approaches and initiatives, providing the city with milk continues to be problematic. The use of the peri-urban zone for dairy production is one of several recurring themes, however, even with an expanding market there has been relatively little development of commercial dairying in this zone. This history is used to assess the more recent interest in the potential contribution of the peri-urban zone to sustainable urban food supplies. The paper argues that policy and development initiatives along these lines must specifically consider the relative suitability of the peri-urban zone vis-à-vis the production of specific commodities as well as potential market opportunities. Those interested in promoting peri-urban agriculture as an element of more sustainable cities cannot afford to take a narrow view that ignores either agro-ecological, economic and regional realities.