Mainstreaming sustainable adaptation to climate change into municipal planning: An analysis from the Eastern Cape,South Africa

Municipalities are well positioned to support adaptation of vulnerable people to climate change; however, they seldom integrate climate change into their planning for social development. The building of adaptive capacity for sustainable adaptation requires that municipalities understand and mainstream climate change into their plans, and develop context-specific adaptation strategies that address existing social development issues. A desktop analysis was conducted to compare the planning landscape in six District Municipalities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, focusing on Municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). A scoring system was developed for comparing the IDPs of the municipalities, based on levels of context-specific information about climate change, mainstreaming of climate change with other development concerns, and vertical integration across district and local municipalities, amongst other themes. Overall, the mainstreaming of climate change in municipal IDPs in the Eastern Cape remains weak, and requires critical attention if sustainable adaptation is to be achieved.     

Community leadership: A comparison between asset-based community-led development (ABCD) and the traditional needs-based approach

A comparison study was undertaken between the asset-based community-led development (ABCD) approaches versus the traditional needs-based approach to community development relating to community leadership. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 24 community projects in South Africa for the study, of which 14 were sensitised to ABCD and 10 were not. The kind of community leadership developed in ABCD communities enabled communities to lead their own development by co-investing their own assets, and leveraging their assets with resources from external agencies. In comparison, although development took place, the leadership that emerged in the needs-oriented projects was more authoritarian in nature, and in some instances, seemed to establish a dependency on external agencies. Community leadership that contributes to projects that were more driven by community members complements the principles of appreciative leadership, which were more evident in ABCD-sensitised communities.     

Access to Finance,Financial Development and Firm Ability to Export: Experience from Asia–Pacific Countries

With particular reference to Asia–Pacific countries, the present study examines how access to finance and financial development affects firms’ ability to enter export markets. Using firm‐level data from the World Bank Enterprises Survey, we found that access to finance plays a significant role in improving firms’ ability to export. In addition, development of the financial sector fosters export market entry. Among the financial development indicators, reach of the banking sector variable is most prominent. The present study suggests that improvements in access to finance and financial development (increases in the reach of the banking sector) enable firms operating away from capital or major cities to enter export markets easily. The present study supports policy intervention to strengthen access to the financial sector, which would encourage firms to export, and to facilitate export market entry for remotely located firms.     

东道国金融发展对中国企业对外直接投资的影响:二元边际与生产率门槛

文章基于中国上市企业2008-2015年对外直接投资数据,分析东道国金融发展在扩展边际和集约边际上对企业对外直接投资决策以及投资所需生产率水平的影响。研究发现,在不同生产率的企业中东道国金融发展的影响是异质性的。较高的金融发展水平会系统性地降低投资所需的生产率水平,进而促进中国企业对外直接投资的概率、次数和规模。进一步的研究还发现,在经济发展水平比中国高的东道国金融发展的生产率效应更显著,投资所需生产率下降得更多。尽管如此,高经济发展水平东道国的最低生产率门槛仍然高于低经济发展水平的东道国。控制了金融发展指标和企业全要素生产率的内生性后,结果依然稳健。     

资源禀赋、环境规制会促进制造业绿色发展？

基于制造业绿色转型发展的视角,在梳理解析资源禀赋、环境规制与制造业绿色发展内涵及理论关系的基础上,通过构建制造业绿色发展影响要素的动态面板数据计量模型,实证考察 了全国层面及长江三角洲、泛珠江三角洲和环渤海经济带内资源禀赋、环境规制对制造业绿色发 展的作用机理。研究结果表明,在全面层面资源禀赋对制造业绿色发展呈正向作用,环境规制在 短期内对制造业绿色发展呈负向冲击效应,并能对资源禀赋弹性产生抵消作用,但长期来看则能 释放资源比较优势的发挥,并与制造业绿色发展呈“U”型关系;在各经济带检验中,资源禀赋 与环境规制对制造业绿色发展的直接效应呈差异化影响,其中资源禀赋在长江三角洲制造业绿色 发展中表现为负向效应,环境规制在环渤海经济带制造业绿色发展中呈正向效应,长期内环境规 制在泛珠江三角洲和环渤海经济带制造业绿色发展中呈现为“U”型关系。     

专利视角下共享单车技术现状与发展分析

共享单车是为了解决市民出行“最后一公里”的难题,其随时随地骑车、停车的创新性经营理念方便了市民的短途出行。而知识产权制度是激励创新的基本保障,解决的是科技创新“最先一公里”和“最后一公里”的问题。其中,专利是企业知识产权工作的重点之一,共享单车在方便市民出行的同时,必须考虑如何让自身顺利发展。通过对共享单车专利信息进行检索,从专利视角下对共享单车技术现状与发展趋势进行分析,进而提出技术发展趋势与专利布局相关建议。     

经济新常态下资源型城市可持续发展研究——以鹤岗市为例

资源型城市在经济新常态发展的大背景下,面临着产业结构发展单一、资源与环境压力等众多问题。为了使资源型城市能够绿色健康的发展,对其进行经济新常态下的可持续发展研究十分必要。从经济新常态下的资源型城市发展分析出发,以鹤岗市为例,选取2007-2016年的数据,运用AHP与因子分析综合评价法进行经济新常态下鹤岗市可持续发展评价、分析并提出建议,最后提出经济新常态下鹤岗市可持续发展的具体实施路径。结果表明,实现可持续发展是经济新常态下资源型城市发展的必然选择。十年间经济新常态下鹤岗市可持续发展的总体水平呈先上升后平稳趋势,近几年经济、资源子系统具有明显阻碍作用。经济新常态下鹤岗市的可持续发展路径,要紧密结合经济新常态特征与可持续发展理念,并从鹤岗市实际条件出发,才能够保证具体实施路径的合理性。     

国际技术转移可持续发展模式研究及启示

对美国、欧盟、东南亚、中东等典型国家（地区）的国际技术转移可持续发展模式进行分析,指出其有效运作的关键在于将政策立法、技术推介、中介网络、绩效评价和支撑辅助等要素高度融合,并从服务型政府角度论述国际技术转移可持续发展模式对我国的若干启示。     

中国技术创新与产业结构升级的耦合协调关系研究——基于1995-2015年时序数据的测度分析

技术创新能力是促进产业结构调整升级的强大动力,两者之间存在着相互联系、相互促进的良性互动关系。在精心构建技术创新能力与产业结构优化升级评价指标体系的基础上,综合运用熵值法和耦合协调度模型,基于1995-2015年的时序数据,对两者之间的耦合协调关系进行了较深入的实证分析和讨论。分析结果表明,1995-2015年间,特别是进入新世纪以来,中国技术创新能力与产业结构优化升级的综合评价指数以及两者间的耦合协调度总体上均呈现出稳步上升趋势,其中耦合协调度从1995年的0.323增加到2015年的0.643,从严重失调逐步演进到初级协调状态,但其整体耦合协调水平仍然偏低。为更好地促进两者间的协调发展,提出了若干对策建议。     

基于“互动—耦合—支撑”视角的科技服务业发展机理研究

科技服务业的发展有利于推进产业升级创新和培育新经济增长点。在分析科技服务业内涵、特征及构成要素的基础上,从科技创新链和科技支撑要素综合维度研究了科技服务业细分业态之间的互动机理;从社会分工、价值链升级、产业融合三个维度研究了科技服务业和重点产业间的耦合机理;从政府行为、金融环境、行业技术进步、基础建设、公众意识等方面研究了宏观外部环境对科技服务业发展的支撑机理。可为加快科技服务业发展,促进科技经济深度融合提供理论支撑。