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51.
Building on a panel data-set using two rounds of self-administered surveys, this study assesses the long-term welfare effects of conservation-led displacement in Nepal. Empirical findings indicate that while displaced households suffered from poor land productivity and food insecurity in the first five years after displacement, they appear to be better off today, a decade since displacement, compared to non-displaced households. However, this has come at the expense of loosening social ties, increased strain on human capital and, most importantly, an overall deterioration in people’s socio-cultural wellbeing. 相似文献
52.
53.
David Szablowski 《Journal of Business Ethics》2002,39(3):247-273
The transformation in the structure of the world mining industry over the last decade has opened up enormous new regions for mineral exploration and development by transnational mining companies in countries in the South. This new access has inevitably brought mining companies into conflict with local communities. With the involvement of transnational advocacy networks and new global publics, these conflicts have prompted a growing transnational debate on the principles that ought to govern mining and community relationships. One effort to provide guidance on this question comes from the World Bank's Operational Directive 4.30 on Involuntary Resettlement. This paper examines the regulatory impact of this policy upon relationships between mining companies and communities, as well as its "legitimation effect" in providing standards which, once met, can serve to certify a degree of responsible behaviour on the part of the company. The analysis of the effects of the directive is taken up in the form a case study involving a transnational mining company operating in the Andes of Peru and the local communities impacted by its land acquisition project. 相似文献
54.
Sapana Doshi 《International journal of urban and regional research》2019,43(1):112-132
In Indian cities, informal ‘slum’ settlements have long been targeted for removal as an environmental improvement strategy, despite their relatively low impact. Slum clearance has escalated with the combination of speculative development and environmental change, creating uneven precarity throughout Mumbai's neighborhoods. State agents play a direct role in slum evictions, but they do not act unilaterally. Diverse lower‐income and middle‐class residents seeking better living conditions have sometimes converged in their embrace of slum clearances and resettlements that advance elite development interests. In other moments, the dispossessing effects of market‐based and elite‐biased slum rehabilitation have fomented contestation. This article analyzes how differently situated groups emerge as ‘environmental subjects’ that embrace or contest improvement projects. It suggests three dimensions of subject formation: governing logics and discourses of urban environmental improvement, the territorial politics of informality, and differentiated embodied experiences of precarity and dispossession. Environmental subject formation is explored through two interventions that entail slum clearance—mangrove and green space conservation and an urban transport infrastructure project. Findings suggest that the connection between displacement and improvement cannot be explained through theories of environmental gentrification but require attention to the simultaneously inclusive and dispossessing regimes of postcolonial development. 相似文献
55.
油田开展的精细分层注水需要对注水井封隔器在井下各工况的位移进行磁定位测量。本文研究了磁定位测井原理,分析了磁定位校电缆、测井过程测量误差的影响因素,确定了系统性误差与随机性误差的组成。制定了封隔器在井下各工况相对于自由悬挂状态的位移的测试方案。该方案抵消了系统误差,将封隔器位移的误差范围控制在±0.15米以内。采用该方案测试了某井五个封隔器在不同工况下的位移。 相似文献
56.
Asparagus is a perishable, highly seasonal crop. We find that out‐of‐season imports of asparagus caused habit formation that increased demand in the U.S. growing seasons. We find that habit effects offset about 64% of the welfare losses to U.S. asparagus producers from increased Mexican imports under NAFTA and all of the U.S. producer welfare losses from increased Peruvian imports under the Andean Trade Preference Act. We estimate that the U.S. producer welfare losses from NAFTA are less than the annualized value of market loss assistance provided them in the 2008 Farm Bill. 相似文献
57.
Megan Nethercote 《International journal of urban and regional research》2017,41(3):443-463
Under advanced capitalism, gentrification converges with the post‐Keynesian ‘unhinging' of the state from the project of social reproduction, including its responsibilities for collective consumption (e.g. housing, schools). Gentrification research scrutinizes this convergence through the ongoing assault on social/affordable housing, and yet anaemic housing welfare is not its endpoint. The social contract is further fractured through the ongoing discreditation and dismantling of the full gamut of legacies of the publicly regulated Keynesian inner city, including essential social infrastructure. Focusing on public schools, as an essential site for social reproduction, this article explores how the struggle for the city under neoliberal gentrification may be emerging along additional (non‐housing) vectors. Based on a qualitative study of families' experiences of poor public education provision in central Melbourne (Australia), this article argues that the exclusionary effects of gentrification likely exceed residential encroachment as state subsidization of residents continues to yield to the subsidization of capital. In particular, this article identifies life‐stage specific, infrastructure‐related displacement pressures wrought by a state failure to provide adequate public primary schools in the ‘regeneration' of central Melbourne, and it illustrates how these pressures prompt housing strategies that unevenly divest families of the locational advantages secured in the inner city. Highlighting the role of public school deficits in the reluctant suburbanization of lesser‐resourced families assists in foregrounding state complicity in displacement dynamics and the potential for these to magnify socio‐economic, gendered and socio‐spatial inequalities across the city. 相似文献
59.
SUSAN M. SHAW 《Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal》2013,35(1):37-40
Crowding in natural settings such as nature reserves may lead to both long-and short-term spatial and temporal behavioral adjustments. This study analyzes the short-term coping process as a function of the crowding disturbance in two popular nature reserves in Israel. Using binary and multinomial choice models, a direct robust connection between the crowding disturbance and a hierarchical set of behavioral responses was found. People less sensitive to crowding tried to avoid or reduce the length of the contact by changing pace. More sensitive visitors may change route. Finally, visitors most sensitive to crowding may terminate their visit altogether. 相似文献
60.
为掌握站场内主工艺流程中隐性"盲端"或"盲管"内油品对干线纯净油品质量的影响,归纳总结站场典型盲端结构,并利用计算流体动力学商业软件CFX,对典型盲端结构进行成品油油品置换数值模拟研究。对管道输量、盲端结构管径、盲端长度、盲端结构类型、油品黏度、油品顺序等主要影响因素进行探讨,分析得到各工况油品置换时间、置换速度、混油浓度分布及盲端油品置换规律。由此为今后站场设置及站内油品置换问题提供参考依据。 相似文献