基于涌出量预测的矿井自动排水系统设计

针对矿井自动化排水问题,提出了基于涌水量预测的矿井自动化排水控制方法。首先构建自动化排水网络,然后采用历史数据对矿井涌水量进行预测,利用预测结果确定投入工作的水泵数量。在MATLAB中仿真表明,该方法具有较好的适应性。     

RPD-180CBR多功能快速钻机在引汉济渭秦岭输水隧洞中的应用

本文依托引汉济渭秦岭出口工程实例,简述了在云母石英片岩及黑河水库影响区等不良水文地质段使用矿研RPD-180CBR多功能快速钻机进行超前水平钻探和超前放水,在直观探取前方地质情况的同时使掌子面形成少水环境,增加了掌子面围岩自稳性,确保了掌子面施工安全,取得了良好的施工进度,为类似工程提供了参考经验。     

Functional Land Management for managing soil functions: A case-study of the trade-off between primary productivity and carbon storage in response to the intervention of drainage systems in Ireland

Globally, there is growing demand for increased agricultural outputs. At the same time, the agricultural industry is expected to meet increasingly stringent environmental targets. Thus, there is an urgent pressure on the soil resource to deliver multiple functions simultaneously. The Functional Land Management framework (Schulte et al., 2014) is a conceptual tool designed to support policy making to manage soil functions to meet these multiple demands. This paper provides a first example of a practical application of the Functional Land Management concept relevant to policy stakeholders. In this study we examine the trade-offs, between the soil functions ‘primary productivity’ and ‘carbon cycling and storage’, in response to the intervention of land drainage systems applied to ‘imperfectly’ and ‘poorly’ draining managed grasslands in Ireland. These trade-offs are explored as a function of the nominal price of ‘Certified Emission Reductions’ or ‘carbon credits’. Also, these trade-offs are characterised spatially using ArcGIS to account for spatial variability in the supply of soil functions.To manage soil functions, it is essential to understand how individual soil functions are prioritised by those that are responsible for the supply of soil functions – generally farmers and foresters, and those who frame demand for soil functions – policy makers. Here, in relation to these two soil functions, a gap exists in relation to this prioritisation between these two stakeholder groups. Currently, the prioritisation and incentivisation of these competing soil functions is primarily a function of CO₂ price. At current CO₂ prices, the agronomic benefits outweigh the monetised environmental costs. The value of CO₂ loss would only exceed productivity gains at either higher CO₂ prices or at a reduced discount period rate. Finally, this study shows large geographic variation in the environmental cost: agronomic benefit ratio. Therein, the Functional Land Management framework can support the development of policies that are more tailored to contrasting biophysical environments and are therefore more effective than ‘blanket approaches’ allowing more specific and effective prioritisation of contrasting soil functions.     

覆土深度对腐蚀混凝土排水管道CIPP修复前后力学性能的影响分析

原位固化法(CIPP)修复技术因其不需注浆、施工速度快、过流面积损失小等优点,成为目前应用最为广泛的管道非开挖修复工艺之一。上覆土压力是管道上方最重要的恒载。为深入探讨覆土深度对排水管道CIPP修复前后力学性能的影响,基于ABAQUS有限元数值模拟软件建立三维数值模型,对不同覆土深度下管道CIPP修复前后承插口、管顶及管底力学性能进行研究。结果表明：管道最大主应力随着覆土深度的增加而增加,管道竖向位移随着覆土深度的增加而减小;CIPP修复对于管道结构性能的提升具有显著效果,CIPP修复之后,管道受力变小且更加合理,竖向位移变小,服役性能增强。     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of standalone trabecular micro-bypass stents in patients with mild-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma in Canada

Objectives: To estimate the cost-utility of two trabecular micro-bypass stents (TBS) implantation vs standard of care (SOC) in patients with mild-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in the Canadian healthcare setting.

Methods: The deterioration in visual field (VF) defect over a 15-year time horizon was tracked using a Markov model with Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson stages of glaucoma (mild, moderate, advanced, severe/blind) and death as health states. Meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials were conducted to estimate the pooled reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication use due to TBS and SOC. The rate of decline in VF loss was adjusted by the extent of IOP reduction to estimate transition probabilities. Healthcare resource utilization, unit costs (2017 CAD), and progression-related utility scores were obtained by literature review, and medication costs with wastage were obtained from IMS Brogan PharmaStat. The impact of parameter and methodological uncertainty on costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was examined using probabilistic and 1-way sensitivity analyses.

Results: The meta-analysis showed an additional reduction of 1.13 medications/patient and an additional decrease in IOP of –1.10?mmHg at 36?months favoring TBS. TBS strongly dominated medication alone, due to higher improvement in quality-of-life (0.068 QALYs), fewer blind eyes (–0.0031), and a decrease in total healthcare costs of C$2,908.3 per patient over the time horizon (C$9,394.1 TBS vs C$12,302.4 medication alone). Sensitivity analyses showed that results were robust to the uncertainties in model inputs and assumptions. Time-to-dominance was 44?months (3.7?years).

Conclusions: The TBS procedure was cost-effective over SOC in a 15-year time horizon, with quality-of-life gains.     

珠江流域相对资源承载力与可持续发展研究

采用相对资源承载力的研究思路与计算方法,计算1986-2002年珠江流域相对土地资源承载力、相对经济承载力和综合承载力及其变化过程。研究表明：①珠江流域人口承载力从1986-2002年一直处于超载状态,经济资源成为珠江流域的主要承载资源;②相对资源承载力区域差异明显,广东省综合承载力一直处于富余状态;云南、贵州和广西承载力一直处于超载状态;中上游地区自然资源是主要的承载资源;下游地区经济资源是主要的承载资源;③上游地区生态环境恶化,下游地区人地矛盾日益突出是珠江流域可持续发展中存在的主要问题;④珠江流域经济带的建设意义重大。     

用于地下配电站单向防汛的自动排水挡板设计

针对传统自动排水挡板在实际应用中效果不佳,不仅地下配电站积水量仍然比较高,而且排水率也比较低,无法达到预期的效果,为此提出用于地下配电站单向防汛的自动排水挡板设计。由浮板、内/外侧支撑、加固杆以及90°铰链组成排水挡板整体结构,并对各个部件材料设计,结合配电站单相防汛功能需求,设计排水挡板水环境监测模块、地下水环境当时最大值模块、地下水环境实时数据模块、报警统计模块、防汛实时状态模块、自动排水及挡水模块六个功能模块,利用自动化技术设计自动排水挡水程序,以此完成用于地下配电站单向防汛的自动排水挡板设计。经实验证明,在设计排水挡板应用下地下配电站积水量不超过2 mm,排水率超过95%,设计挡板可以有效防止地下水或雨水的渗入,保证配电站的安全运行,对于保障电力供应的稳定性和可靠性具有极其重要的意义,在地下配电站单向防汛的自动排水方面具有良好的应用前景。     

北京市奥运中心区雨水系统研究

随着城市的发展,对于排水系统安全性的要求日益提高,但近年来城市积水问题也越来越严重。对于北京市,由于其降雨量年内分配很不均匀,汛期暴雨又多表现为局地短历时的大暴雨甚至特大暴雨,造成城市道路(特别是立交桥区)出现积水问题,严重影响城市交通。本文在此背景下,从保障奥运安全召开的角度出发,对奥运中心区的雨水系统进行研究,收集整理奥运中心区雨水系统各组成部分相关资料,构建城市雨水系统评价体系,建立奥运中心区雨水系统数据库,应用国际上先进成熟的软件平台建立奥运中心区雨水系统模型,针对奥运中心区雨水系统的设计标准进行评价,针对超标降雨情况下奥运中心区积水风险进行分析并提出相应的对策建议。     

基于基尼系数优化熵权-TOPSIS法的排水权初始分配研究

借鉴现有稀缺资源的研究方法,对流域内区域间初始排水权配置的基本原则及影响因素进行分析,构建排水权初始配置的指标体系,采用熵权-TOPSIS法对流域内区域间的排水权进行初次分配,结合基尼系数法,对排水权的初次分配结果进行优化。应用本文方法对苏南运河排水权初始分配进行算例分析,结果表明:未经基尼系数约束优化前,基于人口、GDP、区域内水域面积和年降雨量4个指标的基尼系数除了年降水量指标外均接近0.4,处于不公平的区间附近,经基尼系数约束优化后,各指标基尼系数值均小于或等于0.3,处于相对公平区间内,且年降雨量指标也由优化前的0.2降低至0.08,处于绝对公平区间内。     

生态城市背景下市政给排水规划设计的重要性及要点探析

论文以生态城市为研究背景,阐述了生态城市建设进程中市政给排水规划设计的重要性,并结合某市政给排水规划设计的项目问题,对生态城市背景下市政给排水规划设计要点进行了深入探究。