蛇床子干乳剂的制备与稳定性考察

制备蛇床子干乳剂并考察其稳定性．超声法提取的蛇床子脂溶性提取物,应用冷冻干燥法制成蛇床子干乳剂,对其进行高温、高湿、强光照试验并预测其有效期．在高温、高湿试验中,蛇床子干乳剂外观颜色无明显变化,且其溶解度、质量以及质量分数变化不大．强光照试验中,蛇床子干乳剂的颜色有明显变化,指标含量也明显降低．有效期实验推测其在25℃,贮存期约为2 a．蛇床子干乳剂对于高温与高湿条件系统较稳定,但对光线敏感,需避光阴凉处保存．     

Microfinance Interest Rates and Client Returns

The interest rates of microfinance institutions (MFIs) are widely criticized, although they are lower than those of many short‐term lenders in ‘developed’ countries. The criticisms are not usually related to the returns on micro‐investments. Little data is available, but earnings from farming seem generally to be below or little above the interest charged for microcredit. Returns from petty trade, a more frequent use of such credit, are well over the price that micro‐borrowers pay for their loans. Microfinance is not a replacement for subsidized farm credit; farming is subsidized, everywhere, and efforts should be made to improve and revive the provision of low‐cost agricultural finance.     

The influence of management decisions and external factors on the dairy farmer's environmentally friendly farming objective: the Green Dairy experience

Ten dairy farms participated in an EU project that aimed to improve nitrogen use and assist with the adoption of more environmentally friendly farming practices. Nitrogen use and management decisions were monitored during 2003, 2004 and 2005. Nine farms improved nitrogen use (nitrogen output relative to input) in Year 2. Four farms maintained or further improved nitrogen use in Year 3. Management decisions and external factors that improved nitrogen use were increasing farm milk output, adopting best management practices for nitrogen use, growing forage crops that required less nitrogen than grass and favourable crop production conditions that rendered large quantities of good quality forage. Decisions that worsened nitrogen use were increasing cow numbers without sufficient management support, the late start of supplementary feeding when grass quality declined, setting the target yield too high, pursuing a higher milk price, less palatable silage and disease. Sufficient slurry storage is essential to improving nitrogen use. The savings from lower nitrogen input and the revenue from milk were in no proportion to the investments required for additional slurry storage, however. The farmers did adopt environmentally friendly practices, but only to the degree their businesses were able to sustain.     

废弃干电池逆向物流的信息流集成研究

随着资源节约型、环境友好型社会的构建,废弃干电池逆向物流的开展迫在眉睫,逆向物流信息流集成是顺利开展废弃干电池逆向物流的关键,也是研究的重点。基于企业联合处理机构作为逆向物流信息集成点,从系统内部、外部方面分析了逆向物流信息流,并且分析了信息的收集方法;形成了基于集成的废弃干电池逆向物流信息流图,构建了逆向物流信息平台,实现了废弃干电池逆向物流信息流集成。     

玉米干法加工啤酒专用粉的工艺研究

我国每年生产4000多万吨啤酒，消耗300万吨以上大米作为糖化辅料，目前粮食安全已经成为世界性的难题。系统介绍了通过引进关键设备，用玉米干法加工生产啤酒专用玉米粉的工艺案例，并对采用该工艺生产过程中出现的问题进行了深入的研究，为科学利用玉米食品和提高其附加值开辟了一条新的途径。     

废干电池回收利用中汞的治理技术

综述了汞的治理技术,分析了废干电池回收利用中汞的治理工艺,并提出废干电池全溶、硫化、高温焚烧治理汞的新工艺.     

加快开发南方草地资源,促进生态经济建设

我国南方草地资源丰富,发展草业潜力极大。本文就南方草地的现状、类型及发展草业的途径进行了探讨。     

From cultivation to culture: Wheat farming and sex selection in China

Sex selection has been linked to son preference and discrimination against girls in many Asian countries. In this study, we shed light on the shaping role of rice–wheat cropping system to the subsequent gender inequality in China. Using an individual-level dataset compiled from a national scale survey and an archaeology publication, we show regional differences in gender inequality across China: parents show strong gender discrimination against girls in wheat regions. And 15.2 percentage points more parents from wheat regions engage in successful sex selection than those from non-wheat regions. The mechanism analysis reveals that women empowerment matters.     

Comparing risk attitudes of organic and non-organic farmers with a Bayesian random coefficient model

Organic farming is usually considered to be more risky thanconventional farming, but the risk aversion of organic farmerscompared with that of conventional farmers has not been studied.Using a non-structural approach to risk estimation, a Bayesianrandom coefficient model is used to obtain individual Arrow–Prattcoefficients of absolute risk aversion for a sample of Dutchorganic and non-organic arable farmers. The model is estimatedusing Gibbs sampling. The results indicate that organic farmersare significantly less risk averse than their non-organic colleagues.     

当前内蒙古居民收入分配现状、原因及其对策

当前内蒙古居民收入在稳步增长的同时,出现了城乡、地区、行业收入差距拉大的趋势,特别是农牧民收入水平与全国平均水平相比还存在较大差距。居民收入不平衡的现状不仅直接影响着居民的生活质量,而且在客观上制约了和谐内蒙古的构建。为此,应立足于内蒙古地区优势,通过多种途径,逐步缩小居民收入分配差距,努力提高少数民族贫困居民收入,实现内蒙古地区经济社会的和谐发展。