Destabilizing role of futures markets on North American hard red spring wheat spot prices

The objective of the paper is to determine if the futures prices of hard red spring wheat (HRSW) have stabilizing or destabilizing impact on spot HRSW price in North America. Several important results emerge from thorough empirical analysis. First, both Granger causality tests and directed acyclic graph algorithms (DAGs) point to two-way causality between futures and spot HRSW prices and thus endogeneity in both prices formation. To the contrary, both procedures suggest that ending stocks are exogenous to spot and futures HRSW prices. Both vector error correction model and impulse response functions point to a large and long-lasting impact of a shock to futures price on spot price level. Finally, variance decomposition analysis indicates that futures prices are responsible for the bulk of spot price volatility in both short and long run. Our result is consistent with those of theoretical models suggesting that when production (supply side) is the dominant disturbance, spot price is destabilized in both the short and the long run by futures prices. An important implication of this research is the need for alternative market mechanisms or alternative farm policy measures that would mitigate price risk and ensure sustainable farming of American HRSW farmers.     

Men at work. Wages and industriousness in southern Sweden 1500–1850

ABSTRACT

In his classic works on the industrious revolution, Jan de Vries argues that demand for new consumer goods trigged eighteenth century Europeans to work more. This implies that industrious behaviour and new consumption patterns were two parallel and interdependent processes that preceded the industrial revolution. However, there is an alternative explanation for any increase in labour output on household level, namely that the labourers were forced to work more to meet ends. An indication of this could be that day labourers’ relative wages decreased over time. In this article, we investigate this by studying wages from annual and casual labour in southern Sweden and compare their levels with consumption baskets.     

键连式脚手架体系应用总结与分析

通过对键连式脚手架体系设计分析和现场应用，对比现有的脚手架，得到其工程应用中的优越性及其不足之处。总结分析键连式脚手架设计原理、施工工艺、现场应用的优点与劣势，得到键连式脚手架实用价值及不足之处，为建筑行业脚手架的发展提供宝贵参考意义。     

外贸服装企业供应链危机预警指标体系研究

在我国外贸服装企业快速发展的同时,其供应链也承受着巨大压力,各种国内外因素引起的供应链危机使得外贸服装企业优胜劣汰进程加快．提高供应链危机管理能力和加强自身竞争力成为企业生存的当务之急。文章立足于外贸服装企业,对其供应链危机预警展开研究,并基于粗糙集理论对预警指标体系提出了优化方法。     

The Role of Bank and Corporate Balance Sheets on Early Warning Systems of Currency Crises—An Empirical Study

This study analyzes the role of bank and corporate balance sheets on early warning systems (EWS) of currency crises. Using firm-level data on debt structure, leverage, liquidity, and profitability, this study presents estimations of EWS for a panel of emerging markets. Using calibration experiments, we assess the performance of alternative EWS specifications in a comprehensive range of crisis-probability cut-offs?. These models supplement EWS based on traditional macroeconomic indicators, improving forecasting performance substantially. The results support the third-generation models of currency crises and can assist policymakers on the design of surveillance strategies tailored for heterogeneous levels of risk tolerance and country specificities.     

The educational and labor market returns to preschool attendance in Austria

Preschool attendance is widely recognized as a key ingredient for later socioeconomic success, mothers’ labor market participation, and leveling the playing field for children from disadvantaged backgrounds. However, the empirical evidence for these claims is still relatively scarce, particularly in Europe. Using data from the 2011 Austrian European Union Statistics of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), we contribute to this literature by studying the effects of having attended preschool for the adult Austrian population. We find strong and positive effects of preschool attendance on later educational attainment, the probability of working full time, hourly wages, and the probability that the mother is in the labor market. Full time workers at the bottom and the top of the distribution benefit less than those in the middle. Women in particular benefit more in terms of years of schooling and the probability of working full time. Other disadvantaged groups (second generation migrants; people with less educated parents) also often benefit more in terms of education and work.     

鱼骨水平井在高效开发边台潜山中的应用

边台潜山属于低孔低渗透的裂缝性油气藏,并且在纵向上的层位厚度不均,裂缝发育差,属于难动用油藏。通过应用多分支鱼骨水平井技术,明显提高了开发效果。以一口上下双层分支、每分支带鱼骨的井为例,系统论述了鱼骨水平井设计依据,施工关键技术及开发效果,为今后开发此类难动用油气藏提供了借鉴。     

风险预警模型在房地产企业资金管理中的应用探讨

房地产企业资金管理普遍存在负债比例高、资金沉淀严重、投资行为盲目、融资形式单一、资金管理不善等问题。风险预警模型有预知风险、控制风险、防范风险等功能,运用风险预警系统对房地产行业进行监测、预测并判断其景气状态十分必要。选择了灰色风险预警模型和营运资金周转率作为房地产企业资金管理预警模型的核心指标,设计了房地产资金管理风险预警模型的具体算法和资金管理风险预警模型在房地产企业的具体应用。     

构建适用于企业的风险预警系统

本文以风险分析理论为基础,运用系统项目理论与方法,构建项目风险预警系统,实时跟踪项目风险因素的变动趋势,测评风险所处状态,及时发出警报,为决策者掌握和控制风险提供信息支撑,确保项目按计划顺利进行。     

Liberalization,Regulatory Delays and Vulnerability to Systemic Banking Crisis

This work aims at contributing to the improvement of the early warning systems of banking crises using a new approach accounting for model uncertainty. We show that a multinomial logit model based on Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is a good strategy to predict banking crisis. To do this, we argue that differences in vulnerability to banking crisis can be largely explained by an asymmetry between financial market evolution and regulation update on a sample of 49 developed and developing countries between 1980 and 2010. When markets are liberalized, competition pushes bankers to take more risks and take advantage of regulatory delays thus increasing crises probabilities. Our empirical evidence supports that crisis probability is higher in country liberalizing their banking system when regulation is not updated. We developed an early warning system for systemic banking crises based on the multinomial logit model. Its main difference to existing prediction models and its contribution to the literature is that it is intended to identify and resolve what is called by Bussiere and Fratzscher [(2006). Towards a new early warning system of financial crises. Journal of International Money and Finance, 25(6), 953–973] as post-crisis bias in binomial models and to develop a new methodology of leading indicators selection based on BMA. Overall, our model predicts all banking crises during our sample period.