生态旅游的兴起和研究进展

本文探讨了生态旅游产生的历史背景,起源和发展,并解释了其涵义,提出了完整的定义,最后论述了生态旅游的五大特点,生态性,高品味性,二重性,可持续性和自然超味性,最后分析了生态旅游的研究进展。     

九寨——黄龙核心景区生态旅游环境保护探析

本文基于对九寨—黄龙核心景区生态保护现状的分析,对景区生态环境保护进行了诊断,并提出应以环境容量为基础,运用经济原理,整合行政资源,以达到管理科学、生态平衡、持续发展的目标。     

对生态旅游的若干重要认识

生态旅游已成为世界和我国旅游业的一个亮点。但目前有相当一部分的决策者、开发者、经营者和绝大部分旅游者对生态旅游存在着一些认识误区,甚至简单地把自然观光旅游换个标签摇身一变,就成了时髦的“生态旅游”产品。这种认识误导造成的行为误导将会带来生态破坏的无穷后患。本文强调指出了生态旅游的非大众化、高成本、高附加值和高知识含量。文中还对“生态旅游”的构词内涵以及世界旅游界中最新出现的“遗产旅游”的概念进行了学术上的剖析和比较。     

生态旅游视角下景区居民利益诉求研究——以武陵源风景名胜区为例

旅游业的发展涉及众多的利益相关者,研究、分析并处理好众多利益相关者的利益诉求,尤其是核心利益相关者之一的景区居民的利益诉求,对旅游业可持续发展非常关键。本文从生态旅游的角度,以生态旅游、利益相关者及利益诉求相关理论为基础,对武陵源风景名胜区的居民进行调查,利用EXCEL等数理统计的方法,研究生态旅游视角下景区居民的社会利益、文化利益和环境利益诉求,并在此基础上提出相关建议,为实现生态旅游视角下的景区居民利益诉求提供指导。     

旅游生态系统及其要素配置结构

旅游生态系统是生态旅游区自然生态要素与旅游经济社会要素复合而成的复杂体系,快速增长的生态旅游需求与自然生态环境供给相对不足的矛盾构成了该系统的基本矛盾.文章认为,为了确保生态安全和促进生态旅游的可持续发展,必须坚持生态旅游利益相关者的互惠共生,创新生态旅游区的"小众旅游"模式,保障区域内自然生态要素与旅游经济社会要素协同运转和实现旅游生态系统的立体网络化布局.     

生态文明视角下的生态旅游实践

建设生态文明,使生态文明观念在全社会牢固树立,这是对我国人口剧增、资源短缺、环境恶化的严峻形势进行深刻反省的一种明智选择,也是实现经济社会可持续发展的必由之路。生态文明建设是一个长期的渐进过程,而生态旅游是生态文明观指导下旅游产业发展的具体实践。本文在厘清生态文明与生态旅游的内涵的基础上,分析了我国生态旅游实践中存在的问题与约束性条件,并对生态文明视角下我国生态旅游的实践方式与途径进行了探讨。     

我国乡村生态旅游发展中的政府行为研究

乡村生态旅游作为一种新的旅游业态,在乡村旅游中注重生态环境与产业的可持续发展,对农民增收与农村环境保护有重要的促进作用。但目前国内大部分地区对于乡村生态旅游,从概念上到操作上仍然是十分模糊的,这在很大程度上限制了政府对旅游项目有效管理。文章研究认为,乡村生态旅游具有一定公共物品属性,完全依靠市场调节是远远不够的,在不同地区和不同阶段都需要政府介入,但政府行为应当结合具体阶段特征采取适宜策略。政府应通过乡村旅游试点项目的实施,对其有效性、效率、影响和可持续性进行科学的监测和评价;将能力建设同具体的项目操作有机地结合起来,促进乡村生态旅游项目实施效果和效率的提高;应尽量减少行政干预,通过经济宏观调控,强化规划引领、市场监管和公共服务提供。总之,在乡村生态旅游发展中,政府应该有所为有所不为,扮演好主导、扶持与服务的角色。     

An alternative approach to community-based ecotourism: a bottom-up locally initiated non-monetised project in Papua New Guinea

Community-based ecotourism (CBET) is presented as a tool for conservation and sustainable development by conservation practitioners and development agencies, but is reported to have achieved little. Several scholars argue that many problems stem from inadequate power relationships between external actors and local communities, leading to low community participation. This study opens a debate on governance and social enterprise in CBET by examining a bottom-up approach to community-based ecotourism based on a small-scale CBET initiative in an amenity-poor remote indigenous community in Papua New Guinea. This initiative is unique in the following aspects: it was initiated by a community member; external assistance was advisory only; no external financial assistance was given; and it has taken place in a non-monetised economy. Participant observation and in-depth interviews with local key informants were used to identify community-defined positive/negative impacts and community participation processes. Overall, there was substantial support for the project; it contributed to community welfare, generated economic benefit, had positive conservation outcomes and from the viewpoint of the community had no adverse cultural impacts. One of the keys for success was the development of a strong community agency that led to high community participation and individual rather than the community ownership.     

Self-identification of ecotourists

Although ecotourism has frequently been examined in the literature, a consensus has not yet been reached globally as to what constitutes ecotourism. This paper suggests an alternative to the continuing debates among tourism researchers regarding their own views on what ecotourism should be and on who ecotourists are. Instead, this paper contends that tourists’ own self-interpretations of ecotourism and self-identification of ecotourists may be a more meaningful and practical way forward. This study examines the ecotourism market for West Virginia by applying this self-identification approach. The results indicate that 39.4% of respondents knew about the term “ecotourism”, and that 22.2% or 12.0 million of the state's visitors in 2008 were ecotourists. By comparison to non-ecotourists, these self-identified ecotourists were found to be more environmentally concerned and responsible, more dedicated to nature, more supportive of tourism accreditation programs, and more likely to patronize businesses with good environmental practices, even at a higher cost. This has significant implications for sustainable tourism development in the state as these findings can help to convince tourism operators who may see the potential benefits through being involved in a certification program proposed by West Virginia Department of Protection. Research limitations and future research needs are discussed.     

Ecotourists' Perception of Ecotourism Experience in Lower Kinabatangan,Sabah, Malaysia

This paper presents the empirical findings of an exploratory qualitative study which looks at ecotourists' perceptions of ecotourism experiences in Sabah, Malaysia in order to identify the expressive dimensions that describe the quality of their experience. In-depth interviews were conducted with European ecotourists who stayed at two ecolodges in Sukau. Positive and negative experiences were identified from an analysis of the expressive dimensions of their service experience. The findings show that the ecotourists' experience is multidimensional. Respondents place particular emphasis on the ecotourism activities in which they physically engage at the sites and the natural environment in which they are located; their interaction with the site service staff; socialisation with other ecotourists, and the information acquired during the visit. The six expressive dimensions describing the positive experience are consistent with previous research. The study explores understanding of ecotourists' experience in the ecotourism environment – an under-researched area. The paper points out that the evaluation of quality of experience appears to involve both attributes – functional elements that are provided by the service suppliers and affective/emotional elements that are brought about by the ecotourists themselves.