旅游容量的环境经济学探讨

本文运用环境经济学的相关理论,在分析旅游容量概念的基础上,探讨了旅游容量存在的必要性.旅游资源具有的经济、社会和环境等多重价值属性导致旅游开发的公共福利与旅游资源和旅游环境保护之间存在必然矛盾,旅游资源具有的准公共资源属性特征导致其开发具有外部不经济性(external diseconomics)特征,在没有有效管理工具干预的前提下,必将陷入"公地悲剧" (commons)的泥淖之中.为了达到旅游开发的公共福利与旅游资源和旅游环境保护之间的平衡,避免"公地悲剧"的产生,对旅游系统进行有效的管理十分必要,作为实现旅游可持续发展目标行之有效的管理工具之一,旅游容量的存在是合理的,也是必要的.     

玉溪市矿产资源开发对环境影响的特点及对策

根据矿区考察研究,分析了玉溪市矿产资源开发对环境影响的现状、特点,并对污染防治与可持续发展对策进行了研讨     

环境管制收益和成本的评估与分配

环境质量标准设定得是否合适,关键在于能否对环境管制的收益和成本做出准确的评估。在过去三十多年里,环境经济学得到了快速的发展,环境经济学家设计了新的方法,并做了大量的实证研究,来测度实际的或被提议的环境管制的收益和成本。然而,评估管制成本本身并不是一项简单的任务,环境经济学家将主要关注放在了总账的收益一边。关注的中心是,评估非市场物品收益的方法论的发展。这些方法可归纳为间接市场法和直接调查法两大类。本文对这两种方法,以及它们在评估环境管制收益和成本方面的应用,进行了评述。     

企业战略中经济利益与环境利益的博弈研究

经济与环境之间博弈一直是人们争论的焦点。根据争议的内容使用分类框架将相关文献分为4类加以分析研究,针对目前研究缺少实践指导的情况,提出基于价值分析的前瞻性环保投资决策方式,使用项目对价值的冲击和资源投入的灵活性两个指标来对前瞻性环保项目可行性进行判断,旨在通过为企业提供可操作性的投资指导,引导企业走适应自身特色的可持续发展之路。     

Voluntary association membership of outdoor recreationists: An exploratory study

Abstract

Research on the political activity of outdoor recreationists has focused primarily on their associational affiliations and concern for the environment. This article reviews literature on theories of collective behavior, recreation motivations, and environmental concern. The study considers outdoor recreation as a social movement and investigates relationships between incentives for voluntary membership in environmental and outdoor recreation associations, motivations for participation in outdoor recreation activities, and environmental concern. Members of associations were found to be significantly different than nonmembers on several variables including value for outdoor recreation, incentives for association membership, intellectual motivations for outdoor recreation, environmental concern, education level, and age. Results suggest that association efforts to obtain instrumental benefits, or public goods that accrue to all of society, are a primary incentive for outdoor recreationists to join voluntary associations. A common thread of intellectual pursuit distinguished members from nonmembers, suggesting that intellectual benefits may help define the relationship between outdoor recreation and associational affiliation behaviors.     

我国西部地区贸易对环境污染影响的分析——基于西部地区省际面板数据的检验

选取2000-2008年西部地区十一个省、直辖市和自治区的贸易与环境相关数据,利用面板数据模型对西部地区贸易对环境污染的影响进行实证分析,研究结果表明规模效应和贸易开放度的增加加剧了西部地区的环境污染,结构效应和环境政策则减少了西部地区的环境污染,而技术效应对西部地区环境污染的影响不显著。     

Environmental Product Differentiation and Environmental Awareness

In this paper, we have considered a duopolistic model of environmental product differentiation with two types of consumers (green and brown) to analyze how environmental awareness affects the environment. “Green” consumers value the physical and environmental attributes of the good they purchase while “brown” consumers only value the physical attributes. We find that more environmental awareness may not be good news for the environment as the firm that produces the good without environmental attributes may increase its sales. The result depends on the degree of product differentiation and the cost to achieve it. Social welfare can also be inversely related to environmental awareness if the negative environmental effect dominates the positive market effect.      

Evaluating Projects and Assessing Sustainable Development in Imperfect Economies

We are interested in three related questions:(1) How should accounting prices be estimated?(2) How should we evaluate policy change in animperfect economy? (3) How can we check whetherintergenerational well-being will be sustainedalong a projected economic programme? We do notpresume that the economy is convex, nor do weassume that the government optimizes on behalfof its citizens. We show that the same set ofaccounting prices should be used both forpolicy evaluation and for assessing whether ornot intergenerational welfare along a giveneconomic path will be sustained. We also showthat a comprehensive measure of wealth,computed in terms of the accounting prices, canbe used as an index for problems (2) and (3)above. The remainder of the paper is concernedwith rules for estimating the accounting pricesof several specific environmental naturalresources, transacted in a few well knowneconomic institutions.     

母子公司管控模式选择

母子公司管理控制模式可分为三种类型：基于子公司治理不作为的行政管理型控制模式、基于子公司治理的治理型控制模式和基于子公司治理的管理型控制模式。理论研究与实证研究表明,外部环境、集团类型、集团战略、组织结构、控股程度、子公司地域分布情况、子公司重要性程度与子公司规模等因素影响到三种管理控制模式的选择。