生态补偿与缓解贫困关系的研究进展

基于生态补偿项目社会公平性考虑和项目实施的客观扶贫效果,有关贫困参与者的研究成为近年来国外生态补偿研究中普遍关注的议题。本研究从生态补偿对贫困的生态环境服务提供者、购买者和未参与者的影响等3个方面回顾并分析了国内外生态补偿与缓解贫困研究的阶段成果,由此提出了中国生态补偿项目设计和实施过程中亟需改善的问题。     

从森林环境经济核算看林业对国民经济的贡献——《联合国粮农组织林业环境与经济核算指南》案例研究

以吉林省吉林市丰满区和蛟河市为案例,运用联合国粮农组织《林业环境与经济核算指南》,对林地和林木资产实物量与价值量、林产品及森林环境服务价值流量核算;估算森林为国民经济其他部门及区域提供的产品和服务价值;通过120户农户家庭抽样调查估算森林为农户家庭带来的产品价值和收入。核算结果较为客观、准确地反映了林业对国民经济和社会发展的贡献,可为制定有利于林业可持续经营的政策提供参考。     

我国县域经济发展的环境影响分析

文章回顾了近年来区域经济发展与环境关系的相关研究成果，定义了环境友好度的概念，运用层次分析法，结合我国生态县有关指标，构建了县域环境友好度的分析模型，以S县为例，计算出环境友好度的具体数值，为该县评估自身经济发展与环境之间的关系提供了依据。县域环境友好度分析模型为我国其他县评估自身经济发展与环境之间的关系，提供了一种定量的分析方法。     

领导干部离任环保审计探析

改革开放以来,我国经济济总量和人均GDP实现了质的飞跃.在看到可喜成绩的同时,也应看到不少地区的领导干部存在以环境污染、资源浪费和唯GDP是从的政绩观.在环境保护问题日益突出和领导干部离任审计广泛开展的今天,应与时俱进地推行领导干部离任环保审计,从审计主体、审计原则、审计要素、审计证据和审计信息披露机制等着手,通过领导干部离任环保审计制度的创新来遏制领导干部的短期行为.     

宽松的环境政策能吸引更多的外商直接投资吗——基于中国工业省级面板数据的分析

利用我国1997~2009年的工业省级面板数据和动态面板GMM估计方法,考察了相对宽松的环境政策是否是吸引FDI的主要原因。研究发现,环境政策较宽松的地区能够吸引更多的外资流入,但这种影响并不大,所以,以降低环境标准、牺牲环境为代价来吸引FDI不是明智之举;与东、中部地区相比,西部在吸引FDI上处于明显劣势,这在一定程度上加剧了我国经济结构的失衡。     

After over 25 years of accrediting beaches,has Blue Flag contributed to sustainable management?

This paper examines the qualitative, quantitative, and geographical evolution (1987–2012) of the Blue Flag campaign and accreditation process in Spain, a leading coastal tourism destination heading the list of awards. The standard Blue Flag criteria for crowded, developed beaches are now adapting to new demands for natural beaches, but they still fail to capture essential sustainable tourism features, such as limiting user numbers, or preserving and restoring sand ecosystems. Given these shortcomings, some destinations are moving to alternative awards with a higher environmental commitment, such as EMS, ISO14001, and Eco-Management and Audit Schemes (EMAS). A cluster analysis of Blue Flag data for 983 beaches in Spain over 26 years revealed different behaviour patterns: established tourist areas that have always opted for the Blue Flag programme; tourist areas that adopted the Blue Flag early on but replaced it with ISO14001 and EMAS; recently developed destinations applying for the award to boost their tourism promotion; and tourist areas with no well-defined policy that have opted intermittently for Blue Flag. These profiles illustrate the different policies of Spain's Autonomous Regions, and they are useful for tourism managers to verify whether their destination's behaviour pattern contributes to sustainable tourism and matches strategic policies they have designed for them.     

mLearning as a softer visitor management approach for sustainable tourism

With increased visitation to protected natural areas over the last four decades, there is a need for implementation of effective visitor management strategies at these sites to mitigate visitor impacts. This study explores the application of mobile learning (mLearning) in environmental interpretation and visitor education within the context of conservation and sustainable tourism. Specifically, it proposes a conceptual framework for mLearning as a visitor management tool for sustainable tourism. Current developments and innovations in mobile broadband networks, smartphone technology, and mobile software applications present opportunities for the utilization of such mobile-driven applications in interpretive programs to encourage free-choice learning and mindful visitor experiences. If effectively implemented, such interpretive programs and mLearning applications can affect visitor perceptions, attitudes, and future intentions toward conservation and environmental protection.     

Emerging youth tourism: fostering young travelers’ conservation intentions

Greening is one of the most important issues faced by the tourism industry today. Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical research on young travelers’ sustainable behaviors is scarce. This study developed a conceptual framework involving biospheric value, environmental concern, environmental awareness, ascribed responsibility, and moral norm in order to better explain young travelers’ pro-environmental decision-making process. A total of seven hypotheses were proposed and tested using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that the postulated theoretical model satisfactorily accounted for three dimensions of young tourists’ environmentally responsible intentions; the study variables are all significantly related; and the mediating impact of moral norm and environmental concern was evident. Moreover, the prominent role of moral norm in forming intentions was noteworthy. Our findings from the invariance test further indicated that environmental awareness and ascribed responsibility acted as moderators. The implications of these results are discussed.     

我国中小企业的环境战略及其选择

环境问题已日益成为社会关注的焦点。然而我国中小企业对环境问题一直没有给予足够的重视。本文分析了我国中小企业环境问题的紧迫性,探讨了中小企业环境战略的驱动因素,并提出了可供中小企业选择的四种环境战略。     

清洁生产技术创新、治污技术创新与环境规制

本文通过数理模型,证明了环境规制对技术创新的影响存在偏向性,在环境规制强度较弱阶段偏向于促进治污技术创新,而在较强阶段偏向于促进清洁生产技术创新。并利用中国2002-2015年省际面板数据,以清洁生产技术创新水平和治污技术创新水平的比值构建技术创新偏向指数。通过广义可行最小二乘法,估计面板固定效应模型,分析环境规制与技术创新偏向指数的关系,论证了本文的理论命题。另外,企业规模偏向于促进治污技术创新,而第二产业比重的上升、国有企业比例的增加和企业研究与开发支出则显著偏向于促进清洁生产技术创新。