Regulatory ‘Balancing’ and the Efficiency of Green R&D

We identify and analyse several dynamic implications of setting environmental standards such as to balance marginal costs and benefits. The adoption of such a regulatory approach is shown to effect (i) the speed of improvement of abatement technologies; (ii) the direction (in a sense to be defined) of that improvement; (iii) its source and the distribution of the rents from it; and (iv) the rate of development of defensive (averting) technologies. Existing views are thoroughly synthesised in the context of a simple diagrammatic model, several new results are derived and at least one conventional wisdom questioned. The message of the analysis for legislators and regulators is that cost–benefit balancing should be done with care.     

我国县域经济发展的环境影响分析

文章回顾了近年来区域经济发展与环境关系的相关研究成果，定义了环境友好度的概念，运用层次分析法，结合我国生态县有关指标，构建了县域环境友好度的分析模型，以S县为例，计算出环境友好度的具体数值，为该县评估自身经济发展与环境之间的关系提供了依据。县域环境友好度分析模型为我国其他县评估自身经济发展与环境之间的关系，提供了一种定量的分析方法。     

环境意识的内涵及其作用

环境意识的概念是随着人与自然的矛盾加剧而产生的。环境意识反映的是人们的一种心理,是对环境的认同感。在这种心理的作用下,人们会有意识地去关注环境变化和生态平衡,并且会自觉地维护生态系统的良性发展。环境意识包括环境认识观、环境价值观、环境伦理观、环境法制观和环境参与观五部分,分为感性认识、知识、态度、评价和行为五个层次。对环境意识的研究在人与自然的发展中具有巨大的实践指导意义。     

Leaving EMU: a real options perspective

The real option implicit in a country's decision of whether to leave an existing monetary union when there is uncertainty over the future benefits of this move is examined. The theoretical model used is calibrated for the current Euro-12 area by proxying policymakers’ inflation preferences with unemployment rates and debt-to-GDP ratios. A robust group of countries is observed that would choose to remain within EMU consisting of Belgium, Finland, Greece and Italy; France and Spain loosely also belong to this core. Only Luxembourg would robustly want to leave EMU; Ireland and The Netherlands, however, complement that core closely.     

环境所有权、贸易结构变迁与污染分布——基于超边际经济学框架的分析

文章引入环境所有权概念,运用新兴古典经济学的超边际分析方法,研究了贸易结构变迁与相应的污染分布和转移,旨在揭示大国污染效应、工业化路径的环境效应、贸易结构变迁的环境所有权因素以及环保政策失效的原因。研究推导出不同国家间环境所有权模糊程度和交易效率变化对贸易结构变迁与污染分布变化的作用机理。研究命题可用于解释现实贸易发展中存在的环境污染现象。     

从NAFTA和MAI的视角看投资协定中的环境规则

进入20世纪90年代以来，人们日益把投资和环境问题联系起来。这里首先阐述了投资和环境问题的内在联系，继而对北美自由贸易协定和多边投资协定中的环境规则进行分析，最后为未来的投资协定的环境规则提出了若干建议。