武陵源世界自然遗产地生态旅游者细分研究——基于环境态度与环境行为视角

以国内外知名生态旅游地之一的武陵源世界自然遗产地生态旅游者为研究对象,通过抽样调查,应用描述性统计、信度分析、因素分析、集群分析等方式,以生态旅游者的环境态度与环境行为视角来分析生态旅游者类群特征。研究表明,在以旅游者环境态度与环境行为构建的两维坐标系中,可以将武陵源世界自然遗产地生态旅游者分为友好型、破坏型、真正型、伪生态、可持续和偶尔型等6类;生态旅游者在环境意识、环境责任、参与状态、参与程度、环境解说、居民利益和行为表现上均有差异;武陵源世界自然遗产地的旅游市场仍然是一般生态观光为主,生态旅游为辅的格局。     

The heterogeneous relationship between board social ties and corporate environmental responsibility in an emerging economy

Firms in emerging economies are faced with multiple, incompatible institutional forces in their environmental activities. Which of these forces will be dominant and instantiated within an organization is partly determined by the social relationships that a firm maintains with external actors. This paper investigates the relationship between board social ties and the level of environmental responsibility undertaken by firms in China, an emerging economy, by categorizing board social ties into three types in terms of the three isomorphic forces in the institutional field (coercive, normative and mimetic). Drawing on institutional and agency theories, using a sample of listed firms in environmentally sensitive industries, and a generalized least squares regression method, the results provide empirical evidence that ties that are linked to coercive and normative forces (i.e., political organizations and universities) are related to a higher level of environmental responsibility; however, those that are linked to mimetic forces (i.e., industrial peers) have a negative association with environmental responsibility, which is mitigated by CEO power. These findings suggest that the heterogeneous effects of board social ties on environmental responsibilities experienced by firms in a context of environmentalism are at an early stage.     

Bouncing Back from Extreme Weather Events: Some Preliminary Findings on Resilience Barriers Facing Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises

Extreme weather events (EWEs) pose unprecedented threats to modern societies and represent a much‐debated issue strongly interlinked with current development policies. Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), which constitute a driving force of economic growth, employment and total value added, remain highly vulnerable to and ill prepared for such environmental perturbations. This study investigates barriers to SMEs’ resilience to EWEs in an attempt to shed light on enabling factors that can define effective organizational responses to non‐linear environmental stimuli. Relying on structural equation modeling and data gathered from 109 SMEs that recently experienced EWE impacts, we link the general concept of SMEs’ resilience barriers to EWEs with a series of elements to determine specific internal and external factors that contribute the most to EWE resilience. In particular, external barriers of institutional conditions and mechanisms of support and guidance as well as internal barriers of resources and managerial perceptions are found to be the most critical ones in determining resilience. The assessment offers essential research evidence for practitioners on SME management and sets forth linkages with current mechanisms for policy interventions towards an appropriate resilience agenda for SMEs. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Sustainability Strategy and Eco‐Innovation: A Moderation Model

This study develops a moderation model to examine the role of a proactive environmental strategy on eco‐innovation. Drawing upon the perspectives of contingency theory, this study argues that the impacts of sustainability strategy on eco‐innovation depend on market demand, innovation intensity and government subsidy. The sample used to test the hypotheses is obtained from the Community Innovation Survey in Taiwan. A total of 2955 manufacturing firms are included in the final sample. A logit moderating regression is adopted to analyze the models. The results reveal that market demand and government subsidy positively moderate the relationship between environmental strategy and eco‐innovation. Specifically, firms are more likely to adopt a proactive environmental strategy to improve eco‐innovation under high levels of market demand and government subsidy. Furthermore, the results indicate that innovation intensity affects the effect of environmental strategy on eco‐innovation, but the direction of the influence varies with different categories of eco‐innovation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Trade Liberalization and Environmental Taxation in Federal Systems

The literature on trade liberalization and environment has not yet considered federal structures. In this paper, we show how the design of environmental policy in a federal system has implications for the effects of trade reform. Trade liberalization leads to a decline in pollution taxes, regardless of whether pollution taxes are set at the federal (centralized) or local (decentralized) level, and it increases social welfare. The effect under a decentralized system is smaller than if these taxes are set by the federal government, and pollution emissions therefore decline in this case. Moreover, majority bias interacts with trade liberalization if federal taxes are used.     

企业环境会计信息披露行为研究——基于信号传递的分析

在目前的会计技术条件和制度背景下,环境会计信息反映的事项仍然很难准确计量和货币化。在缺乏统一规范和监管的情况下,企业环境会计信息披露更注重于作为一种姿态来影响企业外部利益相关人对企业的认知。因此,用信号传递模型来分析企业的环境会计信息披露行为是恰当的。本文通过构建一个环境会计信号传递模型,分析在不同的情境下企业如何选择最优的环境会计信息披露水平,并据此得出政府制定有效环境会计信息披露制度的政策建议。     

浅析石家庄市环保民间组织发展现状

中国环保民间组织自90年代初发展,至今已走过将近20年的发展历程。环保民间组织通过多种多样的宣传形式,提高公众的环保意识,引导企业承担环境社会责任,推动中国的环境法治建设和国家的可持续发展。近年来,石家庄市环境保护公众参与度不断增加,环保民间组织逐步跃入公众的视野,并在引导社会各界自觉践行生态、低碳、环保的理念以及倡导绿色生产、生活方式等方面发挥了积极作用。本文通过不同层面的调查,了解石家庄市环保民间组织发展现状,分析存在的问题并提出对策。     

中国环境规制对FDI行业份额的影响分析——基于中国20个污染密集型行业的面板数据分析

环境规制对FDI的影响是当前的研究热点,但从行业角度的研究较少,本文运用面板数据从行业的角度实证研究环境规制对外商直接投资的影响并得出结论:环境规制对20个污染密集型行业外商直接投资在中国的行业份额没有影响,这意味着中国行业层面的环境规制对投资于污染密集型行业的外商直接投资没有起到约束的作用,环境规制政策的效率不高,这一结论为行业环境规制政策的改进方向提供了理论依据。     

Consideration of technological and environmental heterogeneity in cost efficiency analysis

In order to evaluate and compare the efficiency levels across banking industries, we adopt the meta-frontier model that can assess the technological difference among countries. Given the importance of country specific conditions, we include in our analysis the different specificities of each country to incorporate the technological as the environmental differences in the evaluation of banking efficiencies. Using data on the banking industries of several countries in the MENA region, over the period 1991–2011, the results of the efficiency scores corrected by the technological and environmental gap led us to conclude that Egyptian banks are the most efficient in terms of cost compared with banks in other countries. Egyptian banks enjoy a very favourable banking technology. Our results support the hypothesis that traditional techniques of efficiency analysis based on the efficiency scores of a specific and pooled frontier tend to mystify efficiency levels and may incorrectly identify efficient banks. This paper contributes to the efficiency literature by incorporating technological and environmental heterogeneities in the evaluation of efficiency. This helps to characterize the production process of a bank and provides common standards by which the efficiencies of banks in different countries can be compared in a meaningful way with each other.