1990年代以来湖北省贫困指数的测算分析与政策建议--基于多维贫困视角

从多维角度来分析贫困和制定反贫困政策,对于湖北的减贫事业具有重要的理论和现实意义,本文采用教育、健康、生活水平和收入等4个维度11个指标测算了湖北省贫困发生率,研究表明湖北省贫困家庭在受教育年限、医疗保险、健康状况、做饭燃料、卫生设施、饮用水指标上的贫困程度较高,并且高于收入贫困。另外,数据表明女性户主和男性户主家庭的贫困的差异不明显,城市多维贫困率较农村而言上升较快。建议湖北省反贫困重点应从关注收入转向教育和健康,并且不可忽视城市多维贫困问题。     

贫困线测定方法研究

马丁法是符合我国实际的贫困线测定方法 ,依据马丁法可科学测定食物贫困线、非食物贫困线、低贫困线和高贫困线。     

风景区周边地区发展旅游业与脱贫致富--以南川市三泉镇大河坝村为例

章以国家级风景名胜区重庆金佛山周边地区的大河坝村为例，从理论和实践上阐述了风景名胜区周边地区发展旅游与其脱贫致富互动关系及其产生的效应，分析了金佛山风景区周边地区发展旅游脱贫致富的现状及存在的问题，提出了将大河坝村建设成为发展旅游脱贫致富奔小康综合开发示范区的措施与对策。     

解读“穷人思维”:贫困农户风险态度的影响因素分析——来自广西、贵州贫困山区入户实地实验的证据

采用入户实地实验的方式,从贫困农户风险态度的影响因素入手对"穷人思维"进行解读。在广西、贵州两个少数民族聚居乡（镇）进行的抽样调查和实验发现,贫农普遍厌恶风险,特别在面临可能的损失时风险厌恶程度显著上升,但也有部分风险偏好者,在面临可能的损失时却更为偏好风险;越是厌恶风险者获得的实验收益越低,相反越是偏好风险者获得的实验收益越高;配偶、母亲受教育水平的增加显著降低了贫农的风险厌恶程度;家庭承受的教育负担越重,贫农的风险厌恶程度越高。扶贫政策的开展和实施应考虑贫农的风险态度,完善针对风险偏好者的多样化的金融支持和针对风险厌恶者的低息金融扶持,能覆盖更广泛的贫农群体。长期来看,教育扶贫应当成为一项持续的重点扶贫政策,降低家庭教育负担、提高女性的受教育年限、加强成人继续教育培训都将产生长期、积极的显著影响。     

经济增长中的政府功效和区域贫困化问题研究——基于中国1038个县（县级市）统计数据的实证分析

本文使用2005年中国1038个县(县级市)统计数据,通过建立柯布.道格拉斯生产函数,对模型进行了邹至庄检验。发现:影响县域经济增长的主要因素是固定资产投资,同时模型的结构是不稳定的,结构变化的拐点在人均GDP为11617元。也是说,在经济发展过程中,政府的财政支出在经济水平较低的县,对经济增长的推动作用是不显著的。贫困陷阱地区的经济起飞存在一个明显的阈值,政府的财政推力只有超过这个阈值,才能发挥应有的作用。     

精准扶贫中基层党组织功能的理论与实证研究

基层党组织在精准扶贫工作中的功能问题,是推进精准扶贫以及基层党组织建设的实践需求。以习近平关于精准扶贫工作中的重要论述为理论根基,将精准扶贫中基层党组织功能定位为组织建设、产业创新、整合资源、基础保障四个方面。基于北京市通州区西集镇耿楼村的个案研究,分析基层党组织在扶贫工作中的现实表现和问题,提出基层党组织精准扶贫的对策建议。     

产权性质、企业精准扶贫行为与资本市场反应

以2015~2018年A股上市公司为研究对象,考察企业精准扶贫行为动因与方式选择及所引起的市场反应。结果发现：国有企业和政治关联民营企业精准扶贫更积极,但两者精准扶贫方式存在差异,国有企业更倾向整合型精准扶贫,政治关联民营企业则倾向慈善型精准扶贫。进一步,企业参与精准扶贫产生了积极市场反应;相较国有企业,民营企业精准扶贫产生的市场反应更积极,尤其体现在政治关联民营企业中。同时,扶贫方式及扶贫持续性对精准扶贫信息披露的市场反应有影响。     

Do the poor benefit from globalization regardless of institutional quality?

Despite significant progress towards the Millennium goals, more than one billion people live on less than 1.25 US dollars per day. Previous research suggests that globalization stimulates poverty reduction, but does not investigate what role institutions play in this relationship. Theoretically, globalization could act as either a complement or a substitute to institutional quality in reducing poverty. We find that the poverty-reducing effect of globalization is stronger when institutions are weak. In particular, increasing social globalization reduces poverty more when corruption is high and democratic accountability is low. Thus, globalization has the power to reduce poverty even in countries with low institutional quality.     

The Gendered Nature of Poverty in the EU: Individualized versus Collective Poverty Measures

Due to the adoption of the household as a unit of analysis, researchers have failed to identify accurate measures of women's income poverty. This study proposes an individualized measure of European poverty to highlight gender differences in the economic crisis. Employing data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for the period 2007–12, it compares the household-based at-risk-of-poverty rate (ARPR) and the individualized financial dependency rate (FDR). The study shows that the gender gap in poverty in Europe is considerably higher when computed through FDR. Indeed, since the ARPR constitutes a proxy of the household's average conditions, it levels down gender inequalities within the household and also variations in individuals’ incomes over time. Only more detailed data collection on intrahousehold resource sharing will possibly allow the development of more precise and realistic indicators of women's and men's risks of poverty and financial dependency.     

Is green growth relevant for poor economies?

To be relevant to developing countries, green growth must be reconciled with the two key structural features of natural resource use and poverty in these countries. First, primary products account for the majority of their export earnings, and they are unable to diversify from primary production. Second, many economies have a substantial share of their rural population located on less favored agricultural land and in remote areas, thus encouraging “geographic” poverty traps. If green growth is to be a catalyst for economy-wide transformation and poverty alleviation in developing countries, then it must be accompanied by policies aimed directly at overcoming these two structural features. Policies and reforms should foster forward and backward linkages of primary production, enhance its integration with the rest of the economy, and improve opportunities for innovation and knowledge spillovers. Rural poverty, especially the persistent concentration of the rural poor on less favored agricultural lands and in remote areas, needs to be addressed by additional targeted policies and investments, and where necessary, policies to promote rural-urban migration.