税收流失的国际存在、表现形式及规模估测

税收流失是世界各国普遍存在的现象;税收流失有不同的表现形式;用税收流失规模估测的收支差异法可以测估出我国税收流失的规模.     

企业资产结构的影响因素及模式研究

资产结构是指企业资本在不同资产形态上分布状况及分配比例。资产结构一般具有整体性、封闭性、动态性等特征;资产结构的形成受到诸多内外部因素的影响。本文研究了影响企业资产结构的因素,分析了资产结构的类型,并根据资产变现性的特征,将资产结构模式分为三种类型。     

中小企业内部控制存在的问题和对策探究

在当今中国的国民经济组成中,中小企业已经成为不可或缺的重要力量。但是由于诸多外部坏境问题和内部控制的缺失,我国的许多中小企业存在着花期短暂、生命力不持久等问题和局限。论文针对中小企业的内部控制中存在的几点问题来进行剖析,并且立足宏观,着眼细节,提出一系列能够切实有效推广的建议和措施,来帮助中国的中小企业完善其内控制度,突破局限性,走向内控正规化、专业化、完善化的道路。     

刍议中小企业人力资源管理中的问题与对策

企业人力资源管理和思想政治工作在现阶段属于企业工作和改革重点,把这两者相互融合进行开展,有利于企业管理质量的提升。人力资源管理和思想政治工作在企业中是两项至关重要的内容,这两大内容在工作方向、面向对象和未来发展目标方面具有高度相似性。积极融合两方面内容,不仅有利于提升职工整体素养和个人综合能力,也促进了企业管理工作成效的提高。企业应充分认识到两者融合的巨大价值,积极提出具体发展对策。     

农业自然资源与食物生产的类型迭置分析—以福建省为例

福建省粮食缺口逐年拉大,其它副食品也出现程度不同的短缺信号。在食物短缺的背后隐含着农业自然资源数量的短缺,并且随着人口的增长而日益严重。本文从农业自然资源与食物生产的内在联系入手,尝试对其丰乏程度进行定量的地域划分和迭置分析,进而探索各地域类型的食物发展方向与总体对策。     

农地利用技术创新的类型与模式研究

农地利用技术是一个多层次的体系，它能在扩大耕地面积、提高土地利用率和耕地质量等多方面发挥重要作用。通过对“市场机制自发作用下的技术选择”和“政府引导下的技术选择”两种现实模式的探讨，认为技术创新具有外部性，土地利用更是具有明显的“外溢效应”，加上我国农业比较利益偏低和农地使用权流转市场发育不全带来的农地价格扭曲，常造成市场机制下技术创新的方向与资源稀缺状况不相符合的现象，从而带来资源配置的低效率。因此，适当的政府引导是必要的，也是有效的。     

The formation and early development of German audit firms

This paper examines the emergence of audit firms in Germany through an analysis of contemporary sources. Special attention is paid to the range of services offered, their legal forms and ownership structure. In Germany, the demand for external audits developed because the corporate supervisory boards had been unable to fulfil their monitoring task satisfactorily. As a consequence of the major economic crisis of 1929-1931 and the collapse of large corporations caused by the fraudulent actions of managing directors, statutory audits for stock corporations were introduced in 1931. The first German audit and trust company, the Deutsche Treuhand-Gesellschaft, was established much earlier in 1890. Like other trust companies which emerged from 1905 onwards, it was owned by large banks. After the First World War, large commercial groups on the one hand, and the state on the other hand, started to form their own audit firms. Most of the audit and trust companies used the legal form of a corporation. Originally, the main activities of the trust companies were trustee activities and audits. Subsequently, they also offered tax and business advisory services. These features (a broad range of services offered, the corporation as the dominant legal form, and clients who are also owners) help us to understand key characteristics of modern German audit firms such as their limited liability to third parties.     

Revisiting the Miles and Snow strategic framework: uncovering interrelationships between strategic types,capabilities, environmental uncertainty,and firm performance

The Miles and Snow strategic type framework is re‐examined with respect to interrelationships with several theoretically relevant batteries of variables, including SBU strategic capabilities, environmental uncertainty, and performance. A newly developed constrained, multi‐objective, classification methodology is modified to empirically derive an alternative quantitative typology using survey data obtained from 709 firms in three countries (China, Japan, United States). We compare the Miles and Snow typology to the classification empirically derived utilizing this combinatorial optimization clustering procedure. With respect to both variable battery associations and objective statistical criteria, we show that the empirically derived solution clearly dominates the traditional P‐A‐D‐R typology of Miles and Snow. Implications and directions for future research are provided. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

紧邻既有铁路干线桥墩及下部结构施工技术研究

世纪东路跨线桥工程是以3跨简支梁分别跨越沪宁城际和京沪铁路,其中10#墩紧邻既有铁路干线,属于临近铁路营业线施工,施工条件复杂、施工难度大,一旦发生工程事故造成铁路运输中断产生的影响将不可估量,本文结合具体工程依次阐述了紧邻铁路干线桥梁从基础、基坑开挖到承台、墩柱、盖梁等部位关键施工技术及注意事项。     

Truthful germs are contagious: A local-to-global characterization of truthfulness

We study the question of which social choice functions from an abstract type space to a set of outcomes are truthful, i.e., implementable by truthful mechanisms, when utilities are quasi-linear. For convex domains, our main theorem characterizes truthful social choice functions as those satisfying two properties: local weak monotonicity and vortex-freeness. The first of these constrains the function values at any two sufficiently proximal points, while the second asserts that its line integrals around sufficiently small triangular loops must vanish.The characterization implies a local-to-global principle that allows one to deduce truthfulness of a function from its behavior on arbitrarily small neighborhoods of each point. Other consequences include a simple alternate derivation of the Saks–Yu Theorem that weak monotonicity characterizes truthfulness of functions having a convex domain and finite range, and a sufficient condition for constructing truthful functions by “stitching together” truthful subfunctions on different subsets of the domain.