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21.
消费税制的国际比较及其对我国的启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
董再平 《广东经济管理学院学报》2005,20(6):10-12,25
消费税制改革是我国新一轮税制改革的任务之一。改革和完善我国消费税制,应借鉴国外一些成功经验,丰富和完善我国消费税的立法原则,适当扩大征税范围,调整税收负担,改革计税依据和征税方法。 相似文献
22.
A resilience-based framework for evaluating adaptive co-management: Linking ecology, economics and society in a complex world 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Adaptive co-management brings together collaborative and adaptive approaches in pursuit of sustainable resource use and social-ecological resilience. Enthusiasm for this management approach, however, is countered by recent critiques regarding outcomes. A lack of evidence from consistent evaluation of adaptive co-management further exacerbates this situation. This paper revisits the issue of evaluation in natural resource management and recasts it in light of complex adaptive systems thinking. An evaluative framework for adaptive co-management is developed which directs attention toward three broad components: ecosystem conditions, livelihood outcomes and process and institutional conditions. Scale-specific parameters are offered for each component to facilitate systematic learning from experience and encourage cross-site comparisons. Conclusions highlight the importance of systematically incorporating evaluation into the adaptive co-management process and recognize the challenge for resource agencies and researchers to shift from a conventional to a complex adaptive system perspective. 相似文献
23.
本文通过对烟台开发区生态工业园区发展现状与建设经验的调查分析,指出树立科学发展观,发展循环经济,建立促进循环经济发展的法律法规体系和科学的评价指标体系,有利于推动我国生态工业园区的发展与完善,对指导和发展我国生态工业园区有特别重要的意义。 相似文献
24.
Synopsis It has been proposed that open thermodynamic systems will act to dissipate available energy gradients by self-organizing into
coherent structures that, with time, evolve and develop into nested hierarchies – panarchies – that adapt to internal and
external changes according to a characteristic adaptive cycle. This paper seeks to apply these ideas in the purely societal
realm by investigating the role of money in economic systems. Money represents the value embodied in goods; a value that is
separate from the exact nature of those goods. We suggest that money thereby liberates the ‘free value’ of economic desire
and that this free value has properties analogous to energy. The result is the self-organization of structures and systems
(‘econosystems’) that dissipate this ‘free value’. Econosystems act at different scales, and nested levels of econosystems
form a panarchy, having effects that can be observed. In particular, it appears that money facilitates the creation of relationships
between econosystem actors, increasing the connectedness of the econosystems that envelop those actors. We have identified
a phenomenon whereby freed social value (i.e. money) can aggregate, or pool, at a larger econosystem scale in structures such
as banks. These pools act as gradients that actors at the neighborhood scale can exploit for self-organization in the econosystem.
Thus, econosystem actors appear to be freed from thermodynamic constraints by using money as a means of self-organization.
However, because of these pools of aggregated social exergy, connectedness is increased at the larger scale of the econosystem.
The potential consequence of this dynamic is that money may act to push larger scale econosystems toward a state of heightened
vulnerability to collapse, while freeing smaller scale actors from apparent constraints. In this way, we propose that money
acts to skew information feedback loops between econosystem actors and larger scale structures such as economies and ecosystems.
相似文献
25.
Frédéric Lordon 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》1997,7(1):1-21
The slow and endogenous twist of economic macro-structure makes up an important evolutionary feature of capitalist economies,
and may be at the root of structural crisis. In this line, a Goodwinian growth model with increasing returns and profit-sharing
that tries to picture a simple scenario of the seventies crisis is considered. It is shown that the exhaustion of the Kaldor-Verdoorn
“productivity law” can entail, in a nonlinear framework, a “catastrophic” bifurcation from a “high” to a “low” growth path.
Slow/fast dynamical systems then allow one to formalize a multiple time-scales dynamics where the growth path is shaped by
the structural framework in which it takes place, but has also a long -un feedback. Structural change and crisis appear as
long term and endogenous outcomes. 相似文献
26.
27.
Changing trends and the nature of the work force dictate increased personal responsibility by employees and expanded use of
self-management practices. Nevertheless, organizations also feel the need to maintain external control. We propose a progressive
view of accountability theory which can resolve the dilemma of how internal and external control can effectively coexist.
Success of accountability forces is determined primarily by the relationship between the principal (party to whom one is accountable)
and the agent (employee). The agent’s felt responsibility is enhanced to the extent that accountability leads to the structuring
of expectations, the agent’s perceptions of the task or activity as significant, and the agent’s perception of control over
the situation. Propositions that may be used to guide future research are offered throughout the article. 相似文献
28.
In this paper we study a generalization of the dynamic Leontief input–output model. We extend the standard dynamic Leontief model with the balance equation of non-renewable resources. Obviously, the non-renewable stocks will decrease, exploiting primary resources. In this study we examine the controllability of this extended model by taking the consumption as the control parameter. Assuming balanced growth for both consumption and production, we investigate how long these scarce resources will cover the input needs of production and how the lifetime of the system depends on the balanced growth rate and on the consumption. In doing so, we apply classic results from control theory and on eigenvalue problems in linear algebra. 相似文献
29.
文章介绍了在直流并励电动机控制中引进模糊自动控制,可以实现电动机恒流起动、恒速运行,降低电机的故障率,保障它的运行。 相似文献
30.
论制度变迁的成本约束 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
制度变迁的关键是成本约束,这是制度本身产生的根本性要求。制度变迁是成本和收益相权衡和比较的产物,制度设计和安排必须充分考虑到制度变迁的成本和收益,减少制度变迁的阻力,提高制度运行的效率。 相似文献