对云南省执行企业所得税优惠政策的调查与思考

从云南省执行企业所得税优惠政策的实践可以看出,在经济欠发达区域,税收优惠政策的作用尚未有效发挥,存在着一些影响政策运行的现实问题。据此,本文提出了完善企业所得税优惠政策的思路及建议。     

从农民收入看小康的现实落脚

从重视“全面繁荣农村经济”的做法来看待“全面建设小康社会”这个长远而艰巨的任务,还是有希望可言的。然而所有宏图高论都必须有着实的落脚,当农民的“增收”问题被呼号了多年之后依然是希望渺茫的时候,或许保持农民收入增幅“不下降”就是一个现实的落脚。     

Determinants of smallholder farmers' participation in banana markets in Central Africa: the role of transaction costs

A bivariate probit model was employed to jointly and separately estimate banana market participation decisions of buying and selling households in Rwanda and Burundi using household survey data. Selectivity bias was corrected for estimating the transacted volumes using Heckman's procedure. The results showed that transaction cost‐related factors such as geographical location of households, market information sources, and travel time to the nearest urban center influence market participation. Non‐price‐related factors such as security of land tenure, labor availability, off‐farm income, gender of the household head, and years of farming experience had a significant influence on the transacted volumes. Output prices had a significant correlation with sales volume, indicating price incentives increased supply by sellers. Generally, the findings suggest that policies aimed at investments in rural road infrastructure, market information systems, collective marketing, and value addition of banana products may provide a potential avenue for mitigating transaction costs and enhancing market participation and production of marketed surplus by rural households.     

农业补贴政策影响及调整方向研究

本文深入研究了农业补贴政策对粮食供给总量安全、粮食供给结构安全以及农户总收入水平的影响效果。基于构建的农业DSGE模型,从宏微观结合的多方位视角考察了多种农业补贴政策以及政府一般性服务支持政策对农业生产要素资本积累水平、农户投入行为决策、农业生产力水平以及农户总收入的影响效果和传导路径,并在此基础上结合宏观经济数据的真实反馈分析,全面考察了核心经济变量在农业补贴政策实施期间的真实影响效果。研究结果显示：（1）农业补贴政策能够有效刺激农户对农业生产要素投入水平的提高,深层激发和释放了农业生产力;（2）农业补贴政策能够有效保证农户基本经营收入水平,并显著增加农户可支配转移净收入水平,对保障农户基本总收入起重要作用;（3）最低收购价和临时收储等托市价格政策会刺激农产品价格呈现上升趋势,并不利于农业种植结构不平衡的调节。     

Interactive effects of consumers’ ethical beliefs and authenticity on ethical consumption and pro-environmental behaviors

The current study examined the relationships of ethical beliefs (i.e., idealism and relativism) with pro-environmental behaviors (direct and indirect) and ethical consumption behavior. The study further examined the moderating role of consumer authenticity in these relationships. Data were collected from individuals (N = 302) using field surveys within three major metropolitan cities of Pakistan. The findings revealed that idealism had a positive relationship with ethical consumption behavior and pro-environmental direct behavior. However, it was not related to pro-environmental indirect behavior. Relativism was positively related to ethical consumption behavior but it was not related to both types of pro-environmental behaviors. Furthermore, consumer authenticity significantly moderated the relationships of idealism with all ethical outcomes. Finally, implications for organizations, marketers and policy makers are discussed.     

普及互联网使用有助于缩小农村内部收入差距吗？——来自CLDS村级数据的经验证据

由于互联网具有普惠性和亲贫性,个体使用互联网对其收入增长的促进作用在群体上表现为互联网使用普及的平均收入增长效应和收入差距缩小效应。采用“中国劳动力动态调查”（CLDS）2014年、2016年、2018年三期的数据,分析互联网使用普及对农村社区（村庄）平均家庭收入和家庭收入差距的影响,结果显示：村庄内使用互联网家庭的占比提高不仅能显著提升平均家庭收入水平,而且会显著降低家庭收入基尼系数,验证了互联网的普惠性和亲贫性;当普及程度小于0.4时互联网使用对家庭收入差距的影响不显著（具有随着互联网使用率提高由正转负的趋势）,当普及程度大于0.4后互联网使用对家庭收入差距具有显著的负向影响;互联网使用普及可以通过促进服务业发展、提升劳动力技能等群体改善效应缩小农村内部收入差距。因此,应当加快网络基础设施建设,推进互联网使用在农村地区的普及,着重提高弱势群体对互联网使用的可及性,推动互联网与农村应用场景的深度耦合,充分发挥互联网的普惠性和亲贫性功效,有效促进农村居民的收入水平提升和收入差距缩小。     

Credit gaps as banking crisis predictors: A different tune for middle- and low-income countries

The aim of this paper is to assess the quality of credit-based variables as early warning indicators of systemic banking crises. The existing literature focuses mainly on developed economies and shows that the best performing indicator is the credit-to-GDP gap computed via one-sided HP filter (the so-called Basel credit gap). The empirical evidence legitimates the use of the credit-to-GDP gap as a key indicator in macro-prudential banking regulation, i.e., in the determination of the countercyclical capital buffer. We take advantage of a new database on bank credit series and credit gaps covering more than 160 countries (Bouvatier, Delatte and Rehault, 2022) to focus specifically on middle- and low-income countries. Our findings suggest that the credit-to-GDP gap remains the single best performing indicator regarding the high-income group while the same does not hold for middle- and low-income countries. This result highlights that a one-size-fits-all approach is not relevant in the design of the operational framework of the countercyclical capital buffer. Further, we show that the credit gap turns to be a fair banking crises predictor when the financial development, captured by the trend’s value in credit-to-GDP ratio, exceeds 20%.     

基于收益途径的有色金属采矿权评估方法

通过对收益途径评估采矿权价值的三种方法进行阐述,比较其不同之处,并结合有色金属采矿权评估的特点,分析有色金属采矿权评估中不同情况下评估方法的选择,并说明有色金属价格剧烈波动,需要结合相应有色金属产业链传导机制并使用合适的价格预测模型预测有色金属价格,同时根据不同矿种引入特有风险计算折现率。此外可以将有色金属开采过程中的碳排放成本内部化,更好地平衡环境保护和矿产资源开采之间的关系。     

论"三农"问题的理论逻辑

解决农业、农村和农民问题是党和政府工作的重中之重。“三农”问题的形成包含着深刻的历史和制度因素。本文从农村人口、农业生产效率、基层政府等几方面入手,通过对“三农”问题的经济学分析,试图理出一个较为清晰的“三农”问题的理论逻辑。从而为正确认识“三农”问题提供一个新的思路。     

互联网使用、金融素养与金融决策——基于2013-2017年中国家庭金融调查的研究

基于中国家庭金融调查2013—2017年面板数据,本文研究了互联网使用对我国家庭金融素养和金融决策的影响。本文借助2013年“宽带中国”战略实施带来的政策冲击构建工具变量,采用面板工具变量模型识别互联网使用的因果效应。研究发现,互联网使用促进了家庭对正规金融产品的投资,金融素养在二者之间发挥了显著的中介效应。互联网使用还有助于缩小我国城乡家庭在金融素养和金融决策方面的差距。本文为改善我国家庭金融素养和金融决策提供了启示。