中国农村医疗保障制度:一项基于异质性个体决策行为的理论研究

This paper is aimed to provide some responses to the following three hotly debated issues regarding China’s new rural cooperative medical system (NCMS), which was launched at the beginning of 2003. Firstly, how many people would join the system voluntarily? Secondly, can the system be self-balanced? And thirdly, would the lump-sum tax benefit the rich more than the poor? We build a decision model with heterogeneous agents and we compute the implications of NCMS and find under certain conditions, the balanced-system can be sustained and the rate of participation could be higher than 90%. Moreover, it is the unhealthy poor that benefit more from NCMS.     

农业产业化经营是破解“三农”问题的有效途径

当前"三农"问题已成为我国一个突出的问题,有效解决"三农"问题是推进社会主义新农村建设的关键。本文认为农业产业化问题仍然是制约我国农业发展的核心,推进农业产业化可以把市场信息、技术服务、销售渠道直接而有效地带给农民,比较好地解决了小农户与大市场的矛盾,有利于推进农业科技进步,扩大农业经营规模,增加农业产业链条,提高农业竞争力,有利于农业经济效益的提高和农民收入的增加,是推动农村经济发展的有效方式。     

发展旅游农业：农业产业化经营的新思路

农业产业化作为农业和农村经济发展的一种生产经营形式,已被社会所公认,并取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。旅游农业是一种以农业和农村为载体的新型旅游业。发展旅游农业,是实现农业产业化经营的新思路,是促进农业增效,农民增收,农村发展的有效途径。     

公共景区门票价格上涨的福利经济学分析——基于正外部性的视角

旅游日益成为寻常百姓生活的重要内容,而且也是经济发展的重要推动力。然而,最近10多年景区不断上涨的门票价格严重阻碍我国旅游经济的健康发展。公共景区门票涨价,虽然会给公园及地方政府带来一定效益,但其综合影响仍是整个社会经济福利的净损失。原因是门票涨价没有考虑公共景区及旅游的正外部性。从经济福利最大化的目的出发,我国公共景区管理的改革方向应该是大幅降低门票价格或完全取消门票、集中管理全国A级景区以及中央政府全额拨款用于公共景区的维护管理。这样,我国旅游业才能从门票经济向旅游经济转变。     

农村居民选择超市或集市购买的决定因素与比较——来自全国28个县(市)1308名农村居民的调查

农村居民选择超市或集市购买的决定因素对"农改超"和"农超对接"具有重要意义。本文对全国28个县(市)的1308位农村居民进行随机调查,研究结果表明,农村居民既选择农村集市又选择超市购买产品,但农村居民选择两者购买的意愿及其影响因素、感知程度等存在显著差异。农村居民选择集市或超市购买的共同决定因素包括产品质量可靠性和购买便利性;不同的决定因素体现为,农村居民选择在集市购买主要取决于购买文化与习惯,而选择在超市购买则取决于超市销售服务水平,这种决定因素的差异导致农村超市与传统集市互补共存。     

新医改形势下公立医院绩效考核与奖金激励机制探讨

深入开展公立医院人事和收入分配制度改革,坚持公立医院公益性,把维护人民群众健康权益放在第一位,建立以医德医风、技术能力和工作业绩为主要评价标准的综合绩效考核制度,加大工作量和医疗质量的考核权重,重实绩、重贡献,向优秀人才和关键岗位倾斜,从根本上切断科室收入与奖金分配的关系,更加关注综合目标,关注医疗质量、技术难度、成本控制、群众满意度,避免单纯的经济取向,提高临床一线医护人员的奖金待遇水平。     

基于农户调查的双鸭山市采煤塌陷地复垦项目社会经济效益分析

基于农户调查结果,分析双鸭山市采煤塌陷地复垦项目经济、社会效益。结果表明:通过土地整理,居民耕地数量和质量都有所提高,人均年收入显著增加,公众充分参与,满意度较高。可见双鸭山市采煤塌陷地复垦项目取得了一定的经济、社会效益,是真正的惠民工程。     

Farm households and nonfarm activities in Ethiopia: does clustering influence entry and exit?

This article examines how clustering affects the entry and exit decisions of farm households into and from nonfarm enterprises in rural Ethiopia. We find that the existence of clusters of microenterprises in the same district increases the likelihood of a rural household to start a nonfarm enterprise. Similarly, clustering of big manufacturing firms in the same zone is found to increase the likelihood of farm households to start a nonfarm enterprise. Nonfarm enterprises operating in clusters are also found to have a lower probability of exit than those operating outside of clusters. The study further investigates the impact of entry and exit into and from nonfarm enterprises on farm household's well‐being using as indicators total household income, the food security status of a household, and the household's ability to raise enough money in case of emergency. Using propensity score matching to account for selection bias, we find that entry into nonfarm enterprises significantly increases household's income and food security status. Exit from nonfarm enterprises, on the other hand, is found to significantly reduce household's income.     

Food Standards and Welfare: General Equilibrium Effects

We analyse the general equilibrium effects of the growth of high standard food chains on household welfare. To measure structural production changes and welfare effects on rural and urban households, our model has two types of agents, five kinds of products and four types of factors. We calibrate the model using a Chinese dataset. The simulation results show that the effects on poor rural households depend on a variety of factors, including the nature of the shocks leading to the expansion of high standard sector, production technologies, trade effects, spillover effects on low standard markets, factor market constraints and labour market effects.     

积极回应内部控制法案与管理层利润预测精度——基于日本数据的实证研究

以日本上市公司为研究对象,在考虑盈余管理行为的基础上分析并检验积极回应内部控制法案的上市公司是否具有较高的管理层利润预测精度。结果表明,那些委托会计师事务所构建和完善其内部控制系统以应对内部控制法案的上市公司具有较高的管理层利润预测精度。因此,有效的内部控制有助于企业实施全面预算管理。