青岛斋堂岛海域张网渔业经济效益分析

本文分析研究了2014年4月和10月青岛斋堂岛海域张网渔业的经济效益。结果表明:(1)张网渔业渔获物中不同种类价格差异极大,且多为低经济价值渔获种类。(2)4月甲壳类(三疣梭子蟹等)和软体类(短蛸)的捕获量决定了张网作业的经济效益;舒氏海龙、玉筋鱼等小型、低值种类的经济价值不足以弥补其上岸成本,可以适当增加网囊网目尺寸来释放这些低值渔获;(3)10月平均网产比4月高142.2%,但渔获上岸价格低于4月,导致10月张网作业经济效益为负值,处于投入大于产出的亏本状态。研究结果为选择性渔具的开发和张网渔业的"减船转产"提供了参考依据。     

世界贝类产业变动趋势研究:基于产量视角

作为国家贝类产业经济研究的系列成果之一,本文首先把贝类作为一个整体,从全球尺度上,考察了贝类总产量、养殖产量、捕捞产量变化趋势和各期增减情况;从国别尺度上考察了各主要国家贝类总产量、捕捞产量的变化趋势和各期增减情况,分别从全球和国别尺度上考察了选定年份按总产量、捕捞产量高低排序的全球前五大主产国(或地区);随后沿用同样的研究方法,分别梳理了各主要物种组养殖产量、捕捞产量的变化趋势和各期增减情况,以及选定年份各主要物种组养殖产量、捕捞产量的构成情况。基本理清了世界贝类产量变动趋势及特征,以便进一步动态观察、研究、预测世界贝类产业的发展走向。     

我国海岛渔村社会变迁研究(1990-2013)——基于浙江樟州渔村的田野调查

过去的二十余年间,海岛渔农村社会不论是经济、社会文化,还是人口等领域都发生了深刻的社会变迁。通过对案例地的田野调查,探讨了传统渔村发生的经济变迁、社会文化变迁和人口变迁。认为渔村发生了显著的经济变迁,主要表现为生产关系发生了变革,集体所有制向股份合作制转变,渔业生产力得到了快速发展,村民的收入和生活水平大幅提高;渔村的社会文化变迁主要体现在生产作业方式的变化、村民消费结构的变化以及卫生环保观念的变化等方面;渔村社会出现了大规模的人口变迁现象,集中体现在村民的外流和外来务工人员的进入,空心化问题凸出。在此基础之上总结分析了渔村社会变迁中存在的负向效应以及在社会变迁进程中暴露出来的问题。     

我国规制IUU捕捞的措施分析

随着全球人口数量的持续增加,渔业资源缺乏的问题不断加剧。IUU Fishing破坏了渔业资源的恢复和再生产能力,影响了渔业资源的可持续利用。论文对IUU Fishing成因进行了分析,发现主要有3方面原因:追求捕捞成本的降低;提高渔获收益;对IUU Fishing的处罚力度小。我国积极履行国际条约和协定规定的义务,完善渔业法律制度,加大处罚力度,完善渔船监控和管理制度,严格执行船舶登记管理制度,加强国际合作,创新渔业资源管理模式,以有效规制IUU Fishing。     

Measuring progress in agricultural sustainability to support policy-making

The concept of sustainability is one of the forefront issues in discussions of the challenges facing global agriculture, given the mounting pressure to increase food production in both socially responsible and environmentally friendly ways. From the perspective of Irish agriculture, sustainable intensification is of particular relevance, given ambitious targets to increase milk production in the context of European Union (EU) milk quota removal in 2015. A series of farm-level sustainability indicators are developed here using the Teagasc National Farm Survey FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) data for Ireland from 2012. Three dimensions, reflecting the multifaceted nature of sustainability (environmental, economic and social) are considered. Given the environmental challenges inherent in the sustainable intensification of agriculture, it is encouraging to observe that the more intensive, top performing farms (in an economic sense) emit relatively less greenhouse gases when compared to their less intensive counterparts. Conversely, the better performing farms in economic terms tend to have a higher nitrogen surplus per hectare on average. This is consistent with their higher rates of production intensity, but poses a challenge in terms of sustainable intensification and expansion. That said this analysis demonstrates that the nitrogen use efficiency of milk production is positively correlated with economic performance, with more intensive farms producing relatively more milk per kilogram of nitrogen surplus. From the perspective of social sustainability, demographic traits also tend to be positively correlated with economic performance. Given a growing recognition of the need for interconnected policy in the area of sustainability, this research should help inform policy debates and provides a guide for the undertaking of similar assessments elsewhere.     

“失海”渔民社会保障体系的构建

基于目前"失海"渔民的社会保障现状及现行的社会保障体系,对保有农民身份的"失海"渔民及农转非"失海"渔民的社会保障体系进行了构建,认为"失海"渔民社会保障体系应至少包含养老保险、医疗保险、就业保障及社会救济等4个方面。     

Valuing recreational fishing in Tasmania and assessment of response bias in contingent valuation*

We report results from contingent valuation studies in each of two Tasmanian fisheries that estimate the value of a day’s recreational fishing. Published studies estimating the economic value of recreational fishing in Australia and New Zealand are limited, although the economic and social benefits associated with this activity are sizable and the importance of understanding the behaviour of recreational fishers for the sustainable management of aquatic resources is well recognised. In our contingent valuation surveys, we use a double‐bounded version of the dichotomous choice question, which improves the statistical efficiency of the estimates relative to those based on a single dichotomous choice question. We test and control for response bias, in the form of anchoring and a shift effect, that may occur in data collected using a double‐bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) elicitation format. We highlight the importance of identifying and correcting for response bias in DBDC models on a case‐by‐case basis. Our estimation results show that there is no significant difference in the willingness to pay for a day of recreational fishing across individuals who caught different number of fish in either fishery. This suggests that high and low catch fishers placed the same value on a day’s fishing.     

关于定海区捕捞渔民转产转业工作的思考

本文在深入调查研究的基础上，结合定海渔业实际，认真分析了当前海岛渔区渔民转产转业存在的困难和问题，并对下步渔民转产转业的思路、途径和有关措施进行了初步探讨。     

采伐限额管理制度对农户抚育采伐行为的影响分析

依据农户理性人假设和实际调研数据,深入地分析了森林采伐限额管理制度对农户抚育采伐行为的影响,研究结论认为:森林采伐限额管理制度不影响农户抚育采伐决策,农户抚育采伐决策主要受到抚育采伐技术规程、抚育采伐的木材生产成本和短小材和小径材市场价格的影响,在抚育采伐技术规程的严格约束下,农户往往会推迟抚育采伐的开始期,并在采伐木的选择上做出"砍中留大留小"的决策,这说明严格的抚育采伐技术规程并未达到提高森林质量、促进森林资源增长的政策设计初衷,政府需要对森林抚育采伐的技术规程进行调整。     

工程建设项目临时用地定额指标初探——以高速铁路制梁场为例

研究目的:分析目前工程建设项目临时用地管理中存在的问题,探讨工程建设项目临时用地定额确定方法。研究方法:对比分析法,统计数据分析法,Delphi法。研究结果:分析得出高速铁路制梁场基础用地定额及其修正方法。研究结论:在相关工程设计技术规范要求的基础上,综合考虑区域自然条件、工程施工条件、施工进度安排等因素,确定高速铁路临时用地基础定额及其修正方法,为规范临时用地管理提供参考。