Market competition, social welfare in an entry-constrained differentiated-good oligopoly

This paper studies a differentiated-good oligopoly where the socially optimal number of firms (varieties) may be smaller or greater than under the free-entry equilibrium. We show that, under certain conditions, social welfare may be higher when entry is restricted into the industry.     

集体建设用地指标交易市场化机制研究——以上海市为例

目前我国城市的发展普遍受到土地资源瓶颈的制约.文章分析了上海市农村集体建设用地的现状,并总结了国内试点地区的经验教训,认为集体建设用地流转存在的最大问题是忽视农村和农民诉求、进行行政干预及由此产生的委托代理问题,认为解决这一问题的根本途径是实现集体建设用地指标交易的市场化,并提出上海市农村集体建设用地指标市场化交易机制以及相关配套改革措施.     

多联机空调系统工程量清单计价难点剖析

针对多联机空调系统工程量清单计价中遇到的难点,根据现行的GB50500-2013《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》和GB50856-2013《通用安装工程工程量计算规范》,采用案例分析的方法,对多联机系统室内外机组、铜管和分歧器、制冷剂添加、系统调试等项目进行清单列项,并分别套用四川省和广东省两地定额计算得出同一项目应用不同地区不同类别定额时的计价结果,进行了数据分析,提供了解决难点问题的思路和方法。     

长江禁捕补偿政策满意度影响因素及提升策略研究:模糊集定性比较分析

目的 长江禁捕补偿政策的实施是我国贯彻“生态优先,绿色发展”理念的重要举措,探究退捕渔民对禁捕补偿政策满意度影响因素有利于政策主观绩效的提升。方法 文章以在全国率先实施禁捕补偿政策的贵州赤水河流域和湖北洪湖流域的退捕渔民为研究对象,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法（fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, fsQCA）探究禁捕补偿政策满意度的影响因素。结果 （1）政策认同和生计结果的缺失分别为解释禁捕补偿政策高满意度和低满意度的必要条件。（2）存在引致高禁捕补偿政策满意度的两种条件组态,其中补贴时效和信息掌握是影响禁捕补偿政策满意度的关键因素,在提高禁捕政策满意度中发挥核心作用;（3）存在4种引致低禁捕补偿政策满意度的条件组态,补贴时效和信息掌握的缺失在各自组态中均发挥了核心作用,使补贴时效和信息掌握的重要性得到进一步验证。（4）根据条件因素的可控性,加强政策的宣传力度和提高补偿资金发放时效是有效提升禁捕补偿政策满意度的最佳策略。结论 多重条件间并发协同效应的存在揭示禁捕补偿政策满意度影响因素的复杂性,对政策宣传和补偿资金发放工作“两手抓”是提高禁捕补偿政策满意度的必然选择。     

Conflicts over Space for Marine Leisure: A Case Study of Recreational Boating in Japan

As an island nation with long coastlines and many islands, Japan has abundant resources for marine tourism and leisure. However, coastal resorts and marine leisure are less prominent than might be expected. The main reason lies in the many conflicts surrounding access to the sea and its resources. Industrial and urban development along the coastlines and a strong fishing industry combined with traditional property rights compete with coastal tourism and marine leisure for the use of coast and sea. This paper discusses the roots of conflicts between marine tourism and leisure, and other economic activities or environmental issues, as well as conflicts between different types of coastal tourism and marine leisure. To this end, it uses recreational boating and connected activities like fishing and diving to examine the issue. It was found the situation in Japan is characterised by a dense web of rights, regulations, customs and power dynamics which has impeded the establishment of marine leisure as a recreational activity. Marine leisure has, however, developed some distinct features, and many compromises have been found on a piecemeal and local basis. Such compromises may be the only way not to divide fluid space, but share it.     

Export Growth Slows Down

In November of 2005, China and the U.S. signed a bilateral agreement on textiles, launching the three-year quota control for 21 sorts of textile products. In 2007, the second year for the implementation of the agreement, China＇s textile export to the U.S. underwent several changes.     

抓住机遇 依法治船

本文以“依法治船”这条主线,全面阐述了我国渔船检验工作状况、存在的问题及今后工作的重点。     

Biodiversity crime and economic crisis: Hidden mechanisms of misuse of ecosystem goods in Greece

The paper presents the case of biodiversity misuse in urban and rural areas of Greece during the years of economic recession (2008–2019). The hypothesis addressed is that if fiscal crisis and economic recession lead to biodiversity misuse, then, even strong conservation strategies such as those allegedly implemented in developed countries may not be resilient to macro-economic shocks. Empirical data and official statistics are combined in an interpretive way. Mechanisms that enable criminal misuse of biotic resources in protected areas, forests and coastal areas of the country are defined and quantified through specific examples of illegal hunting, logging and fishing. They are defined as the Active Sampling effect, the Market De-concentration effect and the Underground Market effect of crisis. Such crime enablers are not, most likely, country-level singularities; they can be generalized both through their trans-boundary effects and in view of their interference with international conservation strategy and Law.     

Gender-diverse boards and audit fees: What difference does gender quota legislation make?

We investigate the effect of board (audit committee) gender diversity on audit fees in the French context. We also examine whether the relationship between the proportion of female directors and audit fees is moderated by the enactment of the gender quota law in 2011. We use the system GMM estimation approach on a matched sample of French firms listed in the SBF 120 index between 2002 and 2017. Consistent with the supply-side perspective, we contend that female independent directors and female audit committee members, by improving board monitoring effectiveness, affect the auditor's assessment of audit risk, resulting in lower audit fees. Our findings also document that, by breaking the glass ceiling, the effectiveness of the gender quota law lies not in increasing the proportion of female insider directors, but in boosting the appointment of female independent directors and female audit committee members. Using the difference-in-difference approach, our results reveal that female independent directors and female audit committee members are more willing to assert their monitoring skills after the quota law, leading to lower audit fees. Moving beyond tokenism, we show that, after the quota law, the negative impact on non-audit fees is strengthened only for female independent directors.