Comparing the Developmental Process of Consumptive Orientation Across Different Population Groups

Recreational fishing provokes conservation concerns given the growing recreational demands on fisheries resources in different countries. Despite the negative impact of recreational fishing on fishery resources, it can contribute to improving resource conditions if appropriate legal and management institutions and understanding anglers' attitudes and behaviors are successfully accomplished. The purpose of this study is to investigate how anglers develop consumptive orientation using the concept and propositions of recreation specialization and to examine how the formation process of consumptive orientation is dissimilar across angler populations between Texas of the United States and Queensland of Australia. Study results suggest that, in some angler populations, increasing specialization may actually increase anglers' level of consumptive orientation; further investigation is needed to better understand the linkages among specialization, experience preferences, and consumptive orientation; and how these linkages can vary between angler populations or population segments.     

高淳县淳溪镇渔网产业规划探讨

规划对产业发展至关重要,渔网产业规划直接影响到产业发展的方向和前景。本文阐述了国内渔网产业的发展情况,通过分析淳溪镇渔网产业现状和存在的问题,借鉴国内其他地区的发展经验,提出了渔网产业规划的发展思路,从工艺、生产、营销和科研四方面进行分析,提出了规划建议,从政策、融资、服务、招商和宣传等方面对具体措施进行了探讨,力求为渔网产业发展提供理论支撑。     

Evaluating the impact of individual fishing quotas (IFQs) on the technical efficiency and composition of the US Gulf of Mexico red snapper commercial fishing fleet

This study examines the impact of individual fishing quotas (IFQs) on the technical efficiency (TE) and composition of the Gulf of Mexico red snapper commercial fishing fleet. Employing a parametric stochastic distance frontier framework we find that IFQs improved the TE of the vertical line and bottom longline fleets. Our results suggest that the observed TE gains were mainly driven by the retirement of less efficient vessels and, to a lesser extent, by efficiency gains of the remaining vessels. We also document changes in output and input distance elasticities and in returns to scale following the introduction of IFQs. The paper also investigates the impact of regulations and weather on productivity and the effect of crowding on TE. Policy implications stemming from these results are also discussed.     

Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Exploitation of the Arcto-Norwegian Cod Stock

A two-agent model for the exploitation of the Arcto-Norwegian cod stock is developed to investigate the economic benefits that can be realized from the resource, and the effect of exploitation on stock sustainability under cooperation and non-cooperation. The two agents are identified in this study as a trawl fishery versus a coastal fishery. Unlike in Munro (1979), where conflicts in the management strategies of agents arise from differences in the perceptions of the discount factor, fishing effort costs, and consumer preferences, here conflicts arise mainly from the differences in fishing gear and grounds, and the age group of cod targeted by the two agents. Using a game theoretic framework, we show that given available data, the optimum optimorum is obtained under cooperation with side payments and no predetermined harvest shares, in which case the coastal fishery buys out the trawl fishery. However, sensitivity analysis shows that if the price premium assumed for mature cod is taken away, the trawl fishery takes over as the producer of the optimum optimorum.     

CVM Embedding Effects When There Are Active, Potentially Active and Passive Users of Environmental Goods

Embedding is said to occur when thewillingness-to-pay (WTP) values for a gooddiffer according to whether the good is valuedon its own or as part of a package of goods. Itcan manifest itself as a question order orsequencing effect whereby the WTP for a gooddepends upon the order in which contingentvaluation questions are asked. Usingsplit-sample data from different questionorderings of a survey administered to a generalpopulation, the willingness-to-pay values forimprovements to three recreational activities(swimming, fishing, and boating in HamiltonHarbour, Ontario, Canada) are estimated. Respondents are divided into three types ofuser groups: active users, potentially activeusers, and passive users. The paper thenexamines the extent to which embedding in theform of different question sequences affectseach of these three user types. Severalarguments are put forward to suggest whypassive users might be more susceptible toquestion order than active users. The resultssupport the hypothesis that order effects arelikely to be larger for passive users and alsoshow that potentially active users may beaffected by question order to a greater extentthan active users. This highlights theimportance of considering context when usingmultiple-question CVM to value passive usegoods.     

河北省海洋渔业资源可持续利用分析

河北省海洋渔业资源的形势愈来愈严峻,但海洋捕捞量却年年增加,这不难使人们联想到海洋渔业资源正在严重退化。文章引用了Walter＆Hilborn提出的非平衡产量模型对资源进行评估,计算出了最大持续产量(MSY)和最适捕捞努力量(fopt)。同时对海洋渔业资源退化进行了经济损失估算,并对海洋渔业资源开发利用合理性进行评价。旨在为早日实现河北省海洋渔业资源的合理有序开发利用和可持续发展提供参考。     

“渔民、渔业、渔村”逻辑与悖论——以龙海市浯屿村渔业调查为例

"渔民、渔业、渔村"问题,随着渔业生产力发展,渔区体制改革,捕捞渔区的渔民就业结构、渔业的产业升级、渔村的新社会主义农村建设等,发生了根本性的变化。以历史唯物主义的观点来考察新渔区的一系列生产力基础变化,厘清"渔民、渔业、渔村"逻辑关系,对于渔业现代化的政策选择是很重要的。本报告以福建省龙海市浯屿村渔业为例,进行社会学调查,分析了渔民与渔业、渔业与渔村、渔村与渔民之间的关系,讨论了渔业劳动者称谓,渔区阶层分化,新一代捕捞劳动者的断裂和捕捞业渔区的孤岛现象。研究结果认为,社会主义市场经济进程中,渔民、渔业、渔村这三者的逻辑关系已明显断裂,政府作为弥补市场经济的缺陷,要重视新渔区出现的社会微观基础变化,以政府导向,政策取舍,进一步不断探索出台适合现阶段渔区发展中渔民、渔业、渔村非必然逻辑关系的政策与措施。     

吉林省渔民对渔业技术需求的调查分析

根据调查资料,描述了渔民一般性生产需求类型分布和渔民对渔业技术需求的强度和类型,从渔业技术用户角度分析渔民学习渔业技术的途径及影响渔民对渔业技术需求的主要因素,分析认为:渔民需求最大的是市场信息、市场服务、渔业生产技术和资金等;渔民获取渔业技术的主要渠道是渔业技术人员技术指导、新闻媒体和邻里效应;在影响渔民对渔业技术需求的主要因素中,资金不足、自然条件差、收益小、投资风险大、技术推广缺位、劳动力不足、政策不到位等因素较为突出,但是不同生产状况的渔民对渔业技术需求的强度与需求类型有较大的差异,因此必须针对不同层次渔民的实际情况,解决其投资渔业生产项目、学习渔业生产技术的制约因素。     

发达国家渔业现代化的道路与经验

发达国家渔业现代化建设始于２０世纪５０年代,其基本做法：一是以机械、电力、石油为主体的现代工业装备渔业,二是以化工、建材、饲料、探测、生物技术为主的新技术广泛应用于渔业,三是现代企业制度为渔业现代化提供了高效的生产主体。本文还综述了当代渔业发达国家在水产养殖、捕捞与加工方面的发展水平     

Are tourism livelihoods sustainable? Tourism development and economic transformation on Komodo Island,Indonesia

Tourism development has often been regarded as an effective strategy for poverty reduction and sustainable livelihoods. However, tourism often triggers transformations of traditional livelihoods and complete dependence on tourism-based income. Presenting the case of Komodo village on Komodo Island, Indonesia, this study provides an empirical evidence for such transformation. Based on qualitative methods, this article discusses the ways in which tourism development has led the local fishing community to give up their fishing to become fully dependent on selling souvenirs. Although currently, the souvenir business offers adequate return for local people, potential threats to this new livelihood, like a limited market, fierce competition, a short tourist season, and high dependence on cruise ship visits, are looming large. If tourism declines, local people will be left with no options to sustain their livelihood.