Food Security and Agricultural Changes in the Course of China＇s Urbanization

China's small farmers face increasing challenges because of land and water resource constraints and the effects of climate change. With the strengthened agricultural stimulus policies, poverty reduction and social protection programs, as well as the expanding international food trade, up to now China has achieved food security through small farm agriculture. During intensive economic restructuring, smallholders still coexist with large‐sized farms and industrialized agricultural businesses, but are in a vulnerable position in market transactions. Oriented to 2050, China's agricultural development and food security policies should work to improve domestic market structure, to further release international trade control and to empower smallholders.     

Price Rigidity and Industrial Concentration: Evidence from the Indonesian Food and Beverages Industry

This paper investigates the relationship between industrial concentration and price rigidity in the Indonesian food and beverages industry. A Cournot model of firm behavior is used in which prices adjust according to a partial adjustment mechanism. The model is applied to panel data of the Indonesian food and beverages industry over the period 1995–2006. The results suggest that industrial concentration has a positive effect on percentage price changes. Furthermore, the speed of price adjustment is higher when the per unit cost of production rises.     

Economy-wide implications of biofuel production in Zambia

ABSTRACT

Potential biofuel demand in South Africa is estimated to increase to 1550 million litres by 2025 due to mandatory blending rates. Land and water constraints, however, limit the ability for domestic production. Zambia, due to its abundance in land, suitable climate, supportive set of bioenergy incentives and close geographical location to South Africa, has the potential to meet this increase in demand. Using a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium model, we estimate the macro- and socio-economic impacts of bioethanol production in Zambia from three potential crops: sugarcane, cassava and sweet sorghum. The results show that the development of a single product bioethanol industry has the potential to increase economic growth without negatively affecting overall food security. Further expansion of the industry to multiple products results in larger gains to growth and welfare.     

Determinants of energy use in the informal food sector

Although enterprises in the informal food sector require energy to transform, cook and process food, energy-use patterns in this sector are not well understood by policymakers and the local-level authorities who regulate their trading activities. This paper reviews relevant literature and presents empirical data collected in Rwanda, Senegal and South Africa on the use of traditional and modern energy sources by informal food sector operators. Our sample includes male- and female-operated enterprises in the urban centres of three African countries where the informal food sector is important, not only for providing the convenience of affordable and readily prepared meals, but also as a source of income for women and men in developing countries. Multiple fuel-use and energy-stacking strategies are common among informal food enterprises and policy needs to acknowledge this if it is to intervene in ways that will benefit both enterprises and regulators.     

中西方饮食文化差异

本文探讨了中西方饮食文化的差异,饮食文化在世界文化中起着非常重要的作用,中西方文化的差异带来了中西方饮食文化的差异。不同的国家有不同的饮食文化特点。随着国际的交流与融合,中西饮食文化也将在交流中共同发展,这对全世界范围内的文化交流将起到促进作用。人类生活生存发展的必需,可是由于中西方文化传统的差异,导致了申西方饮食文化在观念。对象,方式。归属与-睦质方面产生了差异,研究这些差异,找出可以融会贯通的地方,促进中西文化交流。通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析,我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统,同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。     

联合厌氧工艺在餐厨垃圾及粪便处理中的应用

以福建省龙岩市餐厨垃圾处理项目为实例,从龙岩市餐厨垃圾及粪便处理现状,处理方案的确定,联合厌氧工艺的优势等方面简要分析和介绍了联合厌氧发酵工艺在餐厨垃圾和粪便处理中的应用。认为,联合厌氧工艺可以实现餐厨垃圾处理无害化和资源化的要求。     

绿色标志对消费者绿色购买意愿的影响研究

以绿色家电和绿色食品为考察对象,从消费者绿色标志认知水平、消费者对绿色标志的信任度和态度三个角度实证研究了绿色标志对购买意愿的影响。二元logit回归分析结果表明:消费者绿色标志认知水平、消费者对绿色标志的信任度和态度对购买意愿有显著正向影响;品类不同,消费者绿色标志认知水平、消费者对绿色标志的信任度对购买意愿的影响程度不同。