Cost implications of improving food safety in the Dutch dairy chain

This paper examines control measures for improving food safetyin the dairy chain, using an integer linear programming model.The chain includes feed (compound feed production and delivery),farm (dairy farm) and dairy processing (transport and processingof raw milk, delivery of pasteurised milk) blocks. Results showthat 65 per cent of the maximum possible food safety improvementcan be achieved at relatively low extra cost per ton of milk(4.27), fairly evenly distributed across the blocks. Highersafety levels can be attained by increasing the farm block'scontribution, but at much higher extra cost (44.37 for the maximumattainable).     

中国粮食生产能力发展状况分析

研究目的:通过分析全国及各省40年来的粮食生产能力发展变化状况,提出稳定和提高粮食生产能力的对策措施,为保障国家粮食安全提供有效支撑。研究方法:根据粮食生产的S型曲线,分4种类型分别对各省粮食生产能力发展状况进行分析。研究结果:经济发展水平较高的省区,粮食生产能力开始出现下降趋势,其中有部分省属于粮食主产区,应引起高度重视;而经济发展水平一般或较低的省区,粮食生产能力仍在不断增加。研究结论:粮食播种面积的变化是影响粮食生产能力变化的最直接的因素,但耕地面积减少导致粮食的减少是刚性的;要稳定和提高粮食生产能力可通过稳定粮食播种面积、加大土地开发整理力度进一步提升粮食单产水平、加大粮食生产的政策保障等措施来实现。     

食品微生物检验室间比对结果与分析

通过参加2020年食品安全抽检监测工作承检机构微生物检验实验室间比对,分别对菌落总数、大肠菌群和沙门氏菌进行盲样考核,对实验室人员和技术的能力进行评估并提高实验室的检验能力.结果表明,4个样品的检验结果均取得满意的反馈.     

试论对食品安全监管者的再监管

食品具有入口特征,生命具有不可回复性,所以对食品安全的监管与其他市场监管的最大不同就在于,食品安全监管要重在预防.食品安全监管存在一系列失灵,这也是食品安全事件频发的原因.食品安全监管权配置的不科学"多头性",导致了监管过度、监管不足及监管不当现象同时存在.改进监管效果的最优手段不是设立新的监管部门,而是利用和整合现有监管资源.包括:信息披露、明确监管主体及其职责、加强再监管激励、完善对监管主体的财务及认识监管以及建立有效的问责机制.     

我国粮食补贴政策体系的构建与完善

我国的粮食补贴政策,经历了由间接补贴到直接补贴发展的过程。现行的粮食补贴政策,在促进粮食增产、农民增收,确保国家粮食安全方面,发挥了积极的作用。但是在政策的实施过程中,也确实存在着一些不容置疑的问题,针对粮食补贴政策中存在的主要不足,就如何完善我国的粮食补贴政策,更好地实现政策目标,进行了思考并提出相应的建议。     

Food Aid, Food Prices, and Producer Disincentives in Ethiopia

Although the short-term aims of food aid are well conceived, strong concerns have been voiced regarding the long-term impacts of such aid on incentives for agricultural producers in recipient countries. This article examines the statistical link between food aid shipments and food prices in Ethiopia over the period 1996–2006. Monthly data from three markets and three commodities are used to estimate a system of seemingly unrelated regression models for food prices. Results indicate that previous year food aid shipments reduce prices in all producer and consumer markets. These effects, however, appear to be limited to the set of internationally traded commodities that are domestically marketed. A recursive regression procedure is used to identify the food aid threshold at which a negative aid effect emerges. Food aid shipments that constitute less than 10% of domestic production appear to be benign, but shipments above this level show signs of being disruptive to local markets. We use a simple policy simulation to argue that production-sensitive targeting, e.g., conditioning food aid on local food production, would help to circumvent disincentive effects.     

On Crop Biodiversity, Risk Exposure, and Food Security in the Highlands of Ethiopia

This paper investigates the effects of crop genetic diversity on farm productivity and production risk in the highlands of Ethiopia. Using a moment-based approach, the analysis uses a stochastic production function capturing mean, variance, and skewness effects. Welfare implications of diversity are evaluated using a certainty equivalent, measured as expected income minus a risk premium (reflecting the cost of risk). We find that the effect of diversity on skewness dominates its effect on variance, meaning that diversity reduces the cost of risk. The analysis also shows that the beneficial effects of diversity become of greater value in degraded land.     

The private provision of public environment: Consumer preferences for organic production systems

This paper analyses individual preferences regarding environmental and health improvement technologies in organic food production systems. The impure public model is applied to explore the implications of organic food preferences for environmental market provision. Empirical results from a survey reveal that consumers are willing to pay for both health gains and environmental friendly technologies in organic milk production, although the valuation of the health aspects is higher. Prior information about organic production systems and shopping convenience are key variables in interpersonal comparisons of willingness to pay. The perceived overall value of organic production systems was higher among individuals with stronger environmental preferences than among those who prioritise health concerns. The conclusions of this study may have implications for the analysis of efficiency in the organic produce market.     

务实、责任、合作——浅析全球性粮食危机的中国应对

中国解决好自身13亿人口的粮食安全问题就已是对世界的一种贡献,而致力于解决全球粮食危机更是使得通过自己的实际行动使大部分国家和全球民众消除误解,更加了解开放的中国,树立良好的正面形象和国际影响。在科学发展观的指导下,从经济到外交,更好地融入到全球化的大潮中,维护国家利益,少树敌人、广交朋友。维护世界和平与安全,特别是通过解决粮食危机的合作,积极推动地区的和平进程。     

Market Incentives for Safe Foods: An Examination of Shareholder Losses from Meat and Poultry Recalls

Meat and poultry recalls, while voluntary, are carried out under governmental oversight. If firms have financial incentives to avoid being implicated in a recall situation, governmental involvement in recalls may cause firms to internalize social costs when making investment decisions concerning food safety controls. To examine these incentives, we analyze federally supervised meat and poultry recalls from 1982 to 1998 within an event study. Results show significant shareholder losses when publicly traded food companies are implicated in a recall involving serious food safety hazards. We find no evidence that the stock market reacts negatively when recalls involve less severe hazards.