粮食价格、收入水准与城镇低收入人群保障

城镇居民是粮食的净消费者,粮食价格上涨其实际收入将下降。受制于收入水平,城镇低收入人群的各项商品仅能满足基本生活需求,粮食也不例外。当粮食价格上涨其能够获得的粮食及非粮商品将减少,粮食安全将会受到威胁。相对于价格补贴,收入补贴的政策成本更低,补贴资金的使用效率更高,改善城镇不同收入人群间收入差距的效果更好,因而,它是更好的政策选择。就收入补贴而言,等效用补贴又优于等量补贴。     

食品检验检测中存在的问题分析及应对措施

食品安全是直接关系人们生活的重要问题,同时也是人们所关注的重点问题之一.实施食品安全管理可以有效减少安全事故发生,保障消费者权益.现阶段,食品市场中经常会存在一些安全问题,实施食品安全管理迫在眉睫,本文主要是针对食品检验检测中存在的问题开展分析,完善市场经济管理.     

生物工程技术在食品工业领域中的应用

生物工程技术作为21世纪的高新技术,在各个领域都能发挥出极关键作用.随着新技术的发展,生物工程技术在食品工业领域中更是绽放出了夺目的光彩.在本文中,笔者针对生物工程技术在食品资源开发、食品加工、食品资源安全检测、传统食品改良等方面的应用做出阐述,希望能为相关从业者提供新的工作思路.     

肉类食品安全认知和选择行为

目前,消费者对肉类食品安全状况表示担忧,消费者对兽药残留、饲料添加剂、食品添加剂的不舍理使用,以及病畜肉问题关注程度较高。对风险程度较高的微生物污染关注程度较低。在购买肉类食品过程中。颜色、气昧等易于直接识别的特征是消费者用于判断肉类食品质量常用的质量信号,对价格、食品标簦所提供的质量信息的信任程度不高。政府应加强食品安全信息披露体系建设,为肉类食品生产者的安全生产行为提供激励。     

Unveiling ways to reach organic purchase: Green perceived value,perceived knowledge,attitude, subjective norm,and trust

This paper aims to investigate organic food consumption based on the perspectives of an extended research model by integrating the theory of consumption value (TCV) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA). First, we tried to find out how five consumption values of functional, social, emotional, conditional, and epistemic in classic TCV influence consumption choice especially in the sustainable consumption domain of organic food, interpreted as green perceived value (GPV) in the reflective-reflective second-order latent. Second, as an attempt to extend the classic TRA, this study included trust and perceived knowledge in the research model in addition to the subjective norm, attitude, and behavioral intention. A partial least square structural equation method (PLS-SEM) was adopted to examine our research model with 251 samples. Our results revealed that GPV significantly affects consumer attitudes. Consumer attitudes and subjective norms also have a significantly positive effect on purchase intention. As an extended TRA, GPV has a significantly positive effect on trust while trust significantly impacts purchase intention. Further, perceived knowledge positively influences attitude and trust. By jointly considering TCV and TRA, this study proposes several implications emphasizing how GPV and perceived knowledge affects consumers’ organic food consumption choice based on the role of increased trust.     

基于网络处理器IXP2400的组播包高速转发技术

传统的IP报文的组播技术,由于在处理过程中需要把整个报文的内容报文复制多份,因此处理器需要对缓存报文的外部存储空间进行多次I/O操作,这严重制约了当前处理器,特别是网络处理器的高速报文处理能力,转发效率不高.为此,提出了一种新的技术--"零拷贝"转发技术.该技术只修改报文头,报文体不复制,减少了大量的I/O操作,提高了转发效率.     

The effect of information on consumers' willingness to pay for natural and organic chicken

This study examined the effect of definitions for organic and natural on willingness to pay a premium for organic over natural chicken. Data were collected using surveys and experimental auctions that were conducted before and after information was presented. Before information, approximately two‐thirds of participants inaccurately equated the requirements of natural with those for organic. After information, nearly 50% increased their premium, while 30% decreased their premium. Logistic regression results showed that consumers who had overestimated the requirements for natural were most likely to have an increased premium after information, with significantly higher bids for organic. For those who decreased their premium after information, awareness of consuming genetically modified (GM) foods was a key variable. The non‐genetically modified (non‐GM) requirement of organic appears to be of low value to some consumers. Overall, consumer confusion regarding organic and natural standards may be having substantial impacts on the two markets.     

Consumer coping strategies: a study of consumers committed to eating local

This paper deals with consumer coping strategies when consumers experience difficulties in implementing an innovation. The particular setting for exploring this issue is a group of consumers in Michigan who are committed to eating local. The paper explores how these consumers cope or balance their commitment to eating local with the constraints they face on buying and preparing local food Following a literature review of coping strategy and consumer coping strategies in relation to innovations, the paper presents the results of three focus groups conducted with members of a Student Organic Farm, a food cooperative and a Slow Food Convivium. The consumers we interviewed mostly adopt problem‐centred, confrontative strategies: they change their food‐consumption habits including shopping, purchasing, cooking, storing and obviously, eating. None of these changes are easy to implement, and most require re‐allocations of time as well as trade‐offs to overcome time and cost barriers. In return, some of these consumers feel empowered. This study allows us to offer a working hypothesis that the process is dynamic: the more committed consumers are, the more they adopt problem‐centred, confrontative strategies and forget more fatalist emotion‐centred or avoidance strategies. These findings contribute to literature on consumers' coping strategies and suggest future research avenues.     

西安世园会餐饮服务设施配置方案浅析

规划餐饮服务设施点是为了在世园会期间,解决游客高峰期就餐难的问题。首先根据世园会各大景点的布局,运用线性目标函数法,对餐饮服务设施点的位置进行分析研究。然后分析了人流量的分布和游客的购买概率,对服务设施点分布位置进行优化。同时,运用绿色物流配送流程保证服务质量和效率,以满足游客的需求。最后,阐述了在达到餐饮服务要求的基础上,服务设施点进行扩大化利用。