检测环境对路面弯沉检测结果的影响

路面弯沉是路面及路基结构整体强度和刚度的直观反应,是工程整体强度质量的重要检测指标。因此,了解路面湾沉的变化规律,正确测试路面弯沉值,对于正确评价路面质量有着极其重要的意义。     

What to do with mushroom pickers in my forest? Policy tools from the landowners’ perspective

Wild mushroom picking is a growing recreational and commercial activity. In Spain, wild mushrooms legally belong to the landowner, who seldom benefits from trade in mushrooms or from their recreational value. Cultural aspects (tradition, picker-related harms) and economic aspects (costly forestry works, income opportunities) constitute elements of the debate on how to deal with mushroom picking. Through a survey of private forest owners in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain), this paper examines their experiences with mushroom pickers, the factors shaping their related policy preferences and their willingness to engage in mushroom reserves.The results show broad support for introducing mushroom picking norms. A regulation would allow outsider pickers to enter private land, but only under certain conditions, i.e. to comply with socio-ecological rules of the area. Among respondents who support the regulation, active land owners who report instances of picker-related harm (both tangible and intangible) tend to support the establishment of a fee system which could be reinvested into forest management. That is also the position of the respondents who perceive mushrooms as a private right, i.e. they believe to have a legitimate right to exclude outsider pickers and, eventually, to raise revenues from that asset. On the contrary, forest owners who conceive mushroom picking as a free-access activity prefer neither to regulate it nor to charge fees. The option to establish a mushroom picking reserve depends on the landholder being a fee-supporter and perceiving instances of harm. Harm, instead, is mainly determined by the perception of congestion of pickers, which in turn is determined by the mushroom productivity of their forest, their level of privacy protection and their involvement to the primary sector. These findings help policymakers to better understand the logic and sensitivities of forest owners in view of designing mushroom picking policies that can effectively solve picker-landowner conflicts.     

Voluntary association membership of outdoor recreationists: An exploratory study

Abstract

Research on the political activity of outdoor recreationists has focused primarily on their associational affiliations and concern for the environment. This article reviews literature on theories of collective behavior, recreation motivations, and environmental concern. The study considers outdoor recreation as a social movement and investigates relationships between incentives for voluntary membership in environmental and outdoor recreation associations, motivations for participation in outdoor recreation activities, and environmental concern. Members of associations were found to be significantly different than nonmembers on several variables including value for outdoor recreation, incentives for association membership, intellectual motivations for outdoor recreation, environmental concern, education level, and age. Results suggest that association efforts to obtain instrumental benefits, or public goods that accrue to all of society, are a primary incentive for outdoor recreationists to join voluntary associations. A common thread of intellectual pursuit distinguished members from nonmembers, suggesting that intellectual benefits may help define the relationship between outdoor recreation and associational affiliation behaviors.     

生态公益林保险的定价与设计

目前针对火灾、泥石流等突发性事件引起的生态公益林的毁坏，许多省份给予每亩500—700元的定额赔偿金，并且保险定价有一定的随意性。由于林改后对生态公益林的补贴一般每亩只有10—20元，相对于保险赔偿金则过低，如此便产生了生态公益林保险的变相融资道德风险倾向，即：林农很可能为套取保险资金而消极防御火灾，甚至故意纵火。运用林农效用函数，通过确定性等价收入等理论定出生态公益林的保险价格，设计出一套实物支付与分期付款相结合的保险方案，有效地规避了此类道德风险的发生。     

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚应用在纺织品中对环境的影响

列举了APEO在纺织品中的一些应用和检测纺织品中其含量的检测方法。阐述了应用在纺织品中的APEO对环境的影响，并提出一些应对及补救措施。     

云南石林县的蕨类植物资源及其保护利用

在野外实地调查、标本采集、标本鉴定和文献资料整理的基础上,对云南石林县的蕨类植物资源进行研究。目前,共知有蕨类植物30科,57属,112种(包括变种和变型),其中有国家珍稀濒危保护蕨类植物2种。按照用途将这些植物划分为药用、观赏、食用、指示、化工原料、饲料和绿肥6种类型,分析了保护利用蕨类植物资源的必要性,并对如何保护和开发利用云南石林县的蕨类植物资源提出了建议。     

增强应对气候变化的能力：世界各国的战略选择

全球气候变暖是全人类共同面临的巨大挑战，维护气候安全是国际社会的共同目标。气候变化会导致自然灾害频发、经济下滑、农业减产以及气候移民等一系列问题。应对气候变化，发展低碳经济是现在时代的要求，也是全社会的责任。全球范围多发的自然灾害给人类经济生活到底会带来什么样的危害，已成为人们普遍关心的话题，无论是哪个国家和地区发生严重自然灾害都会引起国际社会强烈关注。为此，世界各国提出了自己未来的战略重点：日本提出了低碳社会行动的线路图，印度出台了一系列的国家行动计划，中国香港将重点放在建筑节能上，美国通过了《美国清洁能源安全法案》，欧盟大幅削减温室气体排放量。     

制约中部崛起的人才资源因素分析与对策研究——以江西省为例

胡锦涛总书记指出,人才资源是第一资源,人才问题是关系党和国家事业发展的关键问题。文章根据我国新时期区域发展战略格局,以江西省为实际案例,分析中部地区崛起过程中的人才资源现状、结构、引进、使用政策中存在的问题及其根源,有针对性地提出了中部崛起战略中人才资源的引进和利用建议和对策。     

古希腊建筑装饰艺术在现代人居环境中的应用

古希腊艺术代表着人类童年时期的优秀成果,其永久魅力与其未成熟的社会条件密切相关。为了更好地揭示、诠释、汲取古希腊艺术的真谛,创造更美的现代人的生活乐园,文章从装饰题材,多元性材料技术、艺术风格三个方面,探究了古希腊建筑装饰艺术及其在现代人居环境中的应用。     

论森林火灾的预防与扑救措施

根据森林火灾发生的特点,分析火灾发生前后预防与扑救的主要矛盾,在森林火灾预防和扑救阶段,应采取不同的应对措施。按照"预防为主、积极消灭"的方针,在预防中重宣传教育,发动群众,抓责任落实;在消灭中注重科技手段和措施到位。