论我国土地征用制度中公共利益问题的认定

对于我国土地征收(用)中的公共利益问题,我国相关法律均未作出明确界定,使得土地征收中公共利益被泛化,严重侵害了征收相对人的合法权益。明确界定和合理把握公共利益问题,必须建立相应程序、遵循相应的原则和标准。     

Forecasting housing land requirements

Summary

Because of pressures on the countryside by private housing development, the Government and the planners have become increasingly involved in planning policy issues and in forecasting land requirements. The forecasting techniques used are examined, and their translation into local allocations through structure and local plans and land availability studies are looked at. The demand for more land releases is attributed more to structural changes in the housebuilding industry and local land shortages in the south‐east than to real shortfalls in housing provision. There is a need for improved monitoring systems for land resource management, particularly in balancing ‘green‐field’ releases against development/redevelopment in existing urban areas.     

Urban land management in China: A study of the present system and an investigation of current issues and problems

Summary

The paper commences by describing the statutory basis for land tenure and management. It examines the constitutional basis for land ownership and occupation rights, as amended by land administration law. The legal system and procedures at both central and local government level are introduced, with particular mention made of the special measures for land requisition. This is followed by a study of the organizational structure for land management in China at state and local government levels. The roles and responsibilities of the major agencies of government at both levels are explained, and related to the organization of urban planning. A separate section is then devoted to those areas such as Special Economic Zones and Open Coastal Cities which have been selected for preferential treatment, particularly in respect of the transfer of land use rights.

The paper concludes with a study of the main issues and problems that currently confront China in the field of urban land management. And some suggestions are made where further reform is required and additional research of potential benefit.     

中国农民集体土地产权配置的实证辨析

在偏重公平价值的中国农民集体土地产权配置的基本框架下,任何追求效率的具体法律安排均无法避免与之发生内在冲突;无论是集体土地所有权的性质悖论、主体悖论还是土地承包经营权的性质悖论都是这种冲突的必然结果。要提高农业生产的效率,必须从实证的角度改革农民集体土地的产权配置,化解现存悖论;改革只能以明晰土地承包经营权的物权性质为切入点。     

日本掠夺东北森林资源对生态环境的破坏和影响 ——以松花江流域为例

日伪时期,松花江流域的森林资源遭受到日本侵略者的疯狂采伐。日本侵略者通过修建森林铁路将大量砍伐的木材运往国内,同时在东北地区开设一系列制材工厂以满足其战时需求。日本殖民者对森林资源的破坏严重影响了流域内的生态环境,造成水土流失加剧,旱涝灾害频发,大量珍贵动植物数量减少,松花江水质污染、空气污染严重,对战时乃至战后人民的生产生活造成极大危害。     

中国经济增长中土地资源的“阻力”分析

根据大卫.罗默的假说,由于土地与其他自然资源的限制,实际的经济增长将呈下降趋势,即存在因土地与其他自然资源的消耗而引起的"阻力"。通过计量分析,计算了1981～2004年期间中国经济增长中土地资源的"阻力,"平均每年约为1.53个百分点。也就是说,由于土地资源的消耗,在1981～2004年期间,中国的经济增长速度平均每年降低了1.53%。     

我国财政收入体制特征和改革路径

本文从我国财政收入体制的实质、特征和改革路径进行了多视角、全方位剖析。指出一国财政收入的实质,是一国政府怎样去筹集收入,筹集多少,用什么形式去筹集和向谁收入等大问题。特别是从我国财政收入的总量、结构和增速三个层面,概括了我国财政收入体制具有大而失度、多而繁杂和快而失序等三大特征。进而又提出了"多用税、广用债、深减费"的改革路径和政策建议。     

伊春森林生态旅游业发展问题研究

伊春森林生态旅游业经过多年的发展已粗具规模,在取得较好的经济效益的同时,也显露出不容忽视的生态环境及经济社会问题.为此,要实施政府主导战略;大力推进森林生态旅游产业的社会化,扩大区域合作;大力推进森林生态旅游产业的信息化;提升森林生态旅游业的产业化水平,构建特色旅游经济体系.     

依托资源优势发展哈尔滨市森林旅游业

哈尔滨市的森林旅游资源十分丰富,有众多的森林公园和自然保护区,但哈尔滨森林旅游尚处于起步和发展阶段,如何利用森林旅游资源,发展森林旅游,对其今后的发展战略和科学规划进行研究是目前亟待解决的问题.哈尔滨市应依托资源优势,大力发展森林旅游业.     

江苏省城市土地集约水平时空差异研究

城市土地集约利用是城市可持续发展的必然要求。根据江苏省城市土地集约利用现状及特点,从土地投入水平、土地利用程度、土地产出水平和土地生态效益四个方面建立了城市土地集约利用水平评价指标体系,运用基于熵值法的多因素综合评价方法对2005～2009年间江苏省13个地级城市土地集约利用水平进行时空差异分析,得出结论:(1)从时间变化特征上看,2005～2009年间江苏省城市土地利用集约度呈现总体上升趋势,但各地区之间存在差异;(2)从空间变化特征上看,由于受区位因素及产业结构等因素的影响,江苏省城市土地集约利用水平由南向北呈现明显的空间梯度差异,苏南地区的城市土地集约利用水平相对较高。最后根据影响因素的不同,有针对性地提出提高城市土地利用集约度的相应建议。