《森林法》修改应该厘清森林的法律概念

我国《森林法》的修改面临很多问题。其中有一项非常重要而且应当给与高度关注的事是厘清森林的法律概念。梳理与之有关概念。譬如森林、森林资源、林地、林木、林权、集体林权、林地等。对于众多有关森林的法律概念,我们应该通过明晰森林的概念将各个相关的概念衔接起来以便理顺各种关系。     

房屋征收中的国有土地使用权补偿问题探究

基于房屋与国有土地的密切关联,房屋征收必然涉及国有土地使用权的收回及重新安排。国有土地使用权是房屋所有人的一项重要财产权利,房屋所有人在购买房屋时已经支付了相应的土地使用权费用。《宪法》、《物权法》及其他相关法律法规规定了对土地使用权收回的补偿,因此,房屋被征收时,房屋所有人有权获得对国有土地使用权的公正、合理补偿。     

层次分析法在企业员工健康管理中的应用

近些年来,企业员工的健康对企业的影响越来越大,它不仅能改变企业的生存和发展,而且可以改变企业的竞争力。通过建立影响企业员工健康的递阶层次结构和构造成对比较矩阵,用模糊层次分析法定量地给出了各因素对提高企业员工健康的重要性及其先后次序,为企业对员工健康管理提供了相关的理论依据。     

农村土地承包纠纷解决的研究

我国农村是当今社会矛盾最集中和突出的地方,土地问题是农村社会矛盾冲突的根源。近年来,由于我国农村土地承包纠纷不断,其表现形式是先弃后取、毁约、土地分配不公、新生儿的不断出生、自然灾害增多、村委会单方随意提高承包费标准等。导致土地承包纠纷的关键因素是农村土地家庭承包经营制度不完善。我国应在不断深化农村经济改革的前提下,进一步明确土地公有、稳定家庭承包,保护土地资源、促进社会经济的可持续发展以及平等保护等原则。各级政府和相关部门要进一步提高思想认识,加强对土地承包、土地流转工作的组织领导;搞好调查摸底,把握工作方法;全面落实政策,兼顾各方面利益;落实好管理制度,对可能出现的纠纷做到超前防范。     

论我国现行土地制度对物业税的影响

本文基于土地所有权与土地使用权可以相对分离,土地使用权具有物权特性,土地使用权人享有相应期限内的土地收益权,对土地使用权课征不动产税可以弥补土地出让制度的缺陷,可以规范中央与地方的财政分配关系等方面的分析认为,虽然中外土地制度存在差异,但是中国土地公有制并不能成为开征不动产税的障碍。     

浅谈GPS实时动态技术在土地测量中的应用

GPS实时动态测量技术相比各种传统的测量技术和方法,有其独特的优点。本文通过介绍GPS实时动态技术的构造以及测量原理,分析了GPS实时动态技术在土地测量工作中的优势,并给出了GPS实时动态技术在实际测量工作中的应用方法。     

西宁市商业用地集约利用微观评价

城市商业用地评价是城市土地集约利用潜力评价的重要组成部分。以西宁市市区2008年建设用地数据为依据,划分城市土地利用类型,选择商业用地的典型宗地,运用综合评价法测算出各宗地的土地利用集约度,并对评价结果进行了分析。结果表明:西宁市商业用地集约利用水平较高。     

新农村建设中土地流转问题探析

在建设社会主义新农村和农业现代化的时代背景下,农村土地流转问题成为农村发展的关键性问题。土地流转能否有序和规范地进行,直接关系着"三农"问题的解决。本文对农村土地流转的现状进行了分析研究,阐述了农村土地流转的必要性,分析了当前土地流转的模式、存在的问题和原因以及障碍因素。在此基础上,总结提出了完善农村土地流转制度的几点建议。     

Fine-scale conservation planning outside of reserves: Cost-effective selection of retention patches at final harvest

Retaining forest patches at final harvest is a key conservation measure in boreal forests, but guidelines for how to increase its cost-effectiveness are lacking. In a study in boreal Sweden, we compared the cost-effectiveness of three different approaches a forest owner may use to select patches: selection based on the conservation value of patches alone, economic cost alone or both of them combined. We also compared the cost-effectiveness of six different common types of patches. Conservation value was measured as species richness of bryophytes and lichens and as structural characteristics of patches. Compared to the selection approach in which both conservation value and cost were used, cost-effectiveness was 5-14% lower when only conservation value was used, depending on how conservation value was measured. On the contrary, using only the economic cost decreased the cost-effectiveness by only 1-2%. Among the patch types, swamp forest areas and deciduous tree groups were cost-effective types to retain. However, the patch types were complementary in their species composition and all hosted unique species. We argue that, ideally, assessments of both conservation values and economic costs of retaining patches should be made prior to harvest to enable planners to make well-informed and cost-effective decisions.     

Cost-effective compensation to avoid carbon emissions from forest loss: An approach to consider price-quantity effects and risk-aversion

Analyses were carried out on financial compensation to avoid loss of tropical forests and related carbon (C) emissions when marginal financial yield declined for land-use options with extended areas, and when a risk-averting perspective (modeled according to financial theory around the capital asset pricing model) is assumed. The approach in this study was to consider natural forest, forest plantation, pasture, and cropland simultaneously to investigate how an optimized land-use distribution may reduce the amount of compensation necessary to avoid C emissions from forest loss.The financial compensations derived were as high as US$ 176 per hectare per year when comparing natural forests only with the most profitable alternative (croplands). However, compensation decreased to US$ 124 for risk-neutral decision-makers, who would strive for optimized land-use allocation, and to only US$ 47 per hectare per year for risk-avoiders, who would look to maximize the reward-to-variability ratio. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the compensation under risk-aversion increased much less than under risk-ignoring when increased productivity of agricultural land-use or growing demand for agricultural products was simulated. It was concluded that considering appropriate diversification strategies and the well documented human behavior to avoid risks is an important step in developing cost-effective compensation policies.