违约责任中的精神损害赔偿制度

精神损害赔偿制度在侵权责任领域已经得到立法的认可,但对于违约中的精神损害,《合同法》却持否定态度。人们对精神利益的追求,使得具有精神利益目的的合同逐渐增多,对违约精神损害赔偿制度的建立也引起了更多法律人的关注。在服务型合同中建立违约精神损害赔偿制度的大胆尝试,对推动合同法体制的健全大有裨益。     

生产性服务业对制造业前向和后向技术溢出效应检验

本文分析了生产性服务业通过前向关联和后向关联对制造业产生技术溢出效应的内在机理。运用1999—2008年制造业行业面板数据实证检验技术溢出效应,并基于不同要素密集类型制造业和三大经济带制造业进行相应分析。得出如下结论：（1）FDI是制造业技术进步的主要原因,生产性服务业对制造业技术效率产生前向的正溢出效应,后向溢出效应不显著。（2）生产性服务业对资本密集型制造业技术效率前向正溢出效应最强,对技术密集型制造业产生微弱的后向正溢出效应。（3）长三角地区生产性服务业对制造业技术效率产生前向正溢出效应,环渤海经济圈和珠三角地区与之相反,生产性服务业对制造业产生后向正溢出效应。     

State enforceability of noncompete agreements: Regulations that stifle productivity!

Noncompete agreements (also known as covenants not to compete [CNCs]) are frequently used by many businesses in an attempt to maintain their competitive advantage by safeguarding their human capital and the associated business secrets. Although the choice of whether to include CNCs in employment contracts is made by firms, the real extent of their restrictiveness is determined by the state laws. In this article, we explore the effect of state‐level CNC enforceability on firm productivity. We assert that an increase in state level CNC enforceability is detrimental to firm productivity, and this relationship becomes stronger as comparable job opportunities become more concentrated in a firm's home state. On the other hand, this negative relationship is weakened as employee compensation tends to become more long‐term oriented. Results based on hierarchical linear modeling analysis of 21,134 firm‐year observations for 3,027 unique firms supported all three hypotheses.     

Uncertainty perception in bidding for Product-Service Systems under competition

This research investigates what impact of uncertainty perception arising from the existence of competition has on the pricing decision for Product-Service Systems (PSS) under uncertainty. PSS provision is an increasingly important area for many businesses and competition increases cognitive pressures on providers even further. We present an experimental study with industrial costing and bidding experts from the defence and aerospace sector. The study consisted of an experimental set-up via two questionnaires which differed in the existence of competition in the bidding scenario. The findings showed that bidding decision makers changed their evaluation of the cost estimate due to the introduction of competition but kept their evaluations of the profit margin and price bids constant. Furthermore, the participants listed the relevant sources of uncertainty that influenced their decision-making process. This research contributes to the literature in two ways. First, our findings showed that predictions from current theory regarding decision-making of cost estimation and pricing are not confirmed when competitively bidding for PSS. Second, we show uncertainty sources that influenced the decision makers and identified p the importance of internal processes of the PSS provider and environmental uncertainty.     

Contractual Practice and Land Conflicts: The ‘Plant & Share’ Arrangement in Côte d'Ivoire

This paper tackles the broad issue of agrarian contracts, property rights and conflicts in the context of rural Côte d'Ivoire. Since the beginning of the 2000s, a new type of contractual arrangement has been developing rapidly: the ‘Plant & Share’ contract. Through such a contract, a landowner provides the land to a farmer who develops a perennial tree crop plantation; when production starts, the plantation, the plantation and the land, or the product is shared. The aim of the paper is to discuss the conflictive features of the arrangement. I argue that this contract, in spite of its potential for tensions and conflicts, constitutes an alternative to the much more conflictive land sales that currently dominate extra‐familial land transfers in the country.     

Renters,landlords, and farmland stewardship

Are farmers better stewards of the land they own than the land they rent from others? We answer this question using a data set that identifies Ontario farmers’ conservation practices on their own land as well as the land they rent. Using a fixed‐effects regression approach, we find that the role of tenure varies for different types of conservation practices. Farmers were found to be just as likely to adopt a machinery‐related practice such as conservation tillage on their rented land as that land which they own. On the other hand, farmers were found to be less likely to adopt site‐specific conservation practices such as planting cover crops on rented land. However, this effect diminishes as the expected length of the rental relationship increases when the landlord has a farming background.     

中国共产党两次历史性飞跃的哲学思考

本文运用马克思主义哲学的基本原理分析了中国共产党80年来的历程,总结出两次历史性飞跃实现条件的共性;要善于总结历史经验,要坚持深入持久的思想解放,要有符合中国国情的政治路张,要有反马列主义和中国实际相结合的理论创新等,在此基础上展望中国建设社会主义现代化强国的前景,从中得到以下重要启迪。     

关于人民币远期定价权问题的研究

本文通过静态及动态的两类模型对人民币远期定价权问题进行了研究。结果表明,我国人民币远期市场尚未摆脱境外NDF市场的影响,NDF市场仍是影响人民币远期定价的主要因素。而2005年8月以来我国外汇市场推出的各项改革措施,使得基于利率平价的定价机制开始在人民币利率的决定中发生作用;我国人民币远期市场定价机制尚未实现从基于预期的定价机制向利率平价的转变,我国银行间人民币远期市场尚未掌握人民币远期定价的主导权,但基于利率平价的人民币远期定价机制在人民币远期定价中所起的作用越来越显著。在此基础上,本文提出了相应的政策建议。     

论第三方物流合同违约责任的归责原则

20世纪末,第三方物流迅速发展,由传统第三方物流逐渐向现代整合性第三方物流过渡,相应的,第三方物流合同也逐渐从传统的运输、仓储合同向类型结合型的第三方物流合同转化。这种类型结合型的第三方物流合同系无名合同,其裁判依据包括双方之间订立的第三方物流合同本身(包括补充协议、体系解释、交易习惯)和民事法律规范。从双方之间订立的第三方物流合同角度而言,其违约责任多采用的是严格责任归责原则。从民事法律规范的角度来说,基于个案中能否确认货损发生的区间,第三方物流合同适用不同的违约责任的归责原则,或适用《合同法》总则的严格责任原则,或适用损失确认区间适用法律的违约责任的归责原则。