不同基质的聚磷菌和聚糖菌竞争的代谢模型

主要阐述了3种不同基质（乙酸盐、丙酸盐、葡萄糖）下聚磷菌（PAOs）和聚糖菌（GAOs）厌氧阶段的代谢模型．对比分析了不同代谢模型下的化学计量系数的差别及其对PAOs和GAOs竞争的影响。针对目前代谢模型主要集中于化学计量学方面．提出今后应在动力学及相关代谢中酶的活动方面进行深入研究。     

A Panel Unit Root and Panel Cointegration Test of the Complementarity Hypothesis in the Mexican Case: 1960–2001

Using panel data, this paper tests whether public and private capital have a positive and significant effect on aggregate output and labor productivity for Mexico during the 1960–2001 period. The richer information set made possible by the sectorial data enables this study to utilize the methodologically sound “group-mean” fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) procedure developed by Pedroni to generate consistent estimates of the relevant panel variables in the cointegrated production (labor productivity) function. The results suggest that, in the long run, changes in the stocks of public and private capital and the economically active population (EAP) have a positive and economically significant effect on output ( and labor productivity). The period is also broken down into two sub-periods: 1960–1981 (state-led industrialization) and 1982–2001 (neoliberal model). The estimate for the public capital variables clearly shows that it had a relatively more important economic effect during the earlier state-led period.

Interdependence between US and European military spending: a panel cointegration analysis (1988-2013)

The aim of this article is to study the interdependence of military spending between US and a panel of European countries in the period 1988–2013. The empirical estimation is based on a: (1) unit root tests and a cointegration analysis and (2) fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares estimations. General results highlight that military spending of European countries is: (1) positively associated with US military spending and (2) negatively associated with average military spending of other European countries.     

改性聚乙烯醇商标胶的研制

以聚乙烯醇为主要成膜物,交联剂A、交联剂B为改性剂,淀粉为助剂,合成一种改性聚乙烯醇商标胶。当交联剂A用量为1.0%～1.5%,交联剂B用量为0.4%～0.6%,淀粉用量为2.0%～3.0%,反应温度为60℃时,制备的改性聚乙烯醇商标胶具有好的粘贴性能,如初粘力强,干燥速度快,耐水性好等,可以满足高速啤酒生产线贴标需要,可以替代酪素胶使用。     

Do stronger intellectual property rights promote seed exchange: evidence from U.S. seed exports?

With increased private investment in crop breeding research in the developed world, intellectual property rights have gained importance in seed sector. Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)‐plus provisions included in recent free trade agreements between the developed and developing countries show a tendency of the developed world to impose their high standards for protection of plant intellectual property on the developing world. While stronger intellectual property rights can increase international exchange in seed, market power effect can lead to a reduction in exports of seed to foreign markets. This article estimates the impact of intellectual property rights on U.S. seed exports. The estimation is performed at a crop level using Heckman selection model. The results reveal that the impact of intellectual property rights varies across different types of crops—open‐pollinated, genetically modified, and hybrid crops. While TRIPS provisions are important to facilitate transfer of genetically modified crops, they play a minor role for open‐pollinated and hybrid crops. The results also show that plant breeders’ rights envisioned by the UPOV system can be important to promote seed exchange when proper mechanisms are put in place to enforce these rights.     

中国节能降耗指标体系初探

单位GDP能耗指标在操作中存在诸多缺陷,包括不宜进行国际对比和历史对比,不能区分等热值能源与等价值能源以及不能反映我国能源效率全貌等。通过借鉴国内外节能指标体系的编制经验,得出中国节能降耗指标体系。该体系包括指标体系和研究方法。指标体系可从多维度考察,分成核心指标体系和扩展指标体系。研究方法主要分成三类,即指标处理方法、指标赋权方法和综合评价方法。运用阈值法进行指标处理,并用修正德尔菲法进行指标赋权。在此基础上,构建综合评价模型,对我国和省区节能转化程度进行等级划分,并进行纵横对比,为节能决策提供信息。     

发达国家农业转基因生物安全监管及其启示

通过系统研究美国、欧盟和日本等发达国家和地区农业转基因生物安全监管的现状、特点及发展趋势,指出完善的管理法规、高效的行政监管体系、健全的技术支撑和公众监督机制是农业转基因生物安全监管的重要内容和关键环节,并由此提出进一步完善我国农业转基因生物安全监管的建议。     

Zero-tolerance for genetic pollution: Rice farming,pharm rice,and the risks of coexistence in California

California’s Rice Certification Act (RCA) requires specific planting and handling protocols for rice, including genetically engineered (GE) rice that could pose commercial risks to rice growers. Based on interviews with growers, marketers, activists, and other stakeholders, as well as secondary sources, this paper describes this policy’s emergence and evolution using a global commodity chain approach. Several studies suggest that GE herbicide tolerant rice would yield profits for California growers struggling with rising weed control costs. Instead, GE rice was greeted with scrutiny by the California industry and legislators because Asian export markets had zero-tolerance for GE rice contamination. This paper examines how nature’s agency—the “unruly” qualities of agro-ecosystem functions, the movement of wildlife, seeds, and pollen across space—strengthened narratives about risk and industry consensus around zero-tolerance rules for GE rice. In addition to recounting the origins of zero-tolerance demands and containment regulations for California rice, this research explores how calls for food safety and zero-tolerance rules are mobilized as surrogate for wider political economic aims.     

Estimation of an effectively globally regular demand system: An application to United States meat consumption

A combination of Cooper and McLaren's modified almost ideal demand system (AIDS) and Moschini's semiflexible AIDS specification gives an effective globally regular demand system. Using the United States meat price and consumption data, the effectively globally regular demand system was estimated and compared to Cooper and McLaren's modified AIDS. The Likelihood Dominance Criterion showed that Cooper and McLaren's modified AIDS was actually better model than the effectively globally regular demand system proposed. The reason may be due to the fact that the violation of the curvature conditions is not significant for the given data. First Version Received: September 1998/Final Version Received: April 2001