河北省林果产业发展状况及增收潜力分析

通过对河北林果重点县进行典型调查和42个县(市、区)、4200个农户林果产业收入的专项调查,指出河北林果产业发展势头强劲,果品结构调整步伐加快,林板加工业快速发展,社会化服务体系初步形成。在了解其林果产业发展状况的基础上,分析了林果业对农民收入贡献情况,指出林果业收入构成日趋多样化,收入结构有所优化;工资性收入快速增长,增收空间得到扩展;受林业生产任务调整的影响,林业纯收入下降幅度较大。林果业增收面临的主要制约因素是资源禀赋差异、产业化经营规模、林果产品外向度、政策调整约束等。林果业增收潜力极大,表现在政策、技术支持力度不断加大,林果优势产业带形成,质量品牌意识不断增强,市场需求量增大。     

非公有制林木采伐管理改革成效、问题及政策建议——基于河北省三个平原试点县的调查

通过访谈和问卷调查,考察和分析了河北省3个平原试点县非公有制林木采伐管理改革的实施效果,总结了改革过程中存在的问题,提出了五项建议:编制森林经营方案,协调国土资源管理部门统一土地类型,按林业资源的实际安排采伐限额指标,完善落实生态效益补偿基金,取消育林基金。     

WTO争端解决规则的完善能走多远

世界贸易组织争端解决制度是对关税与贸易总协定时期争端解决制度的变革。世界贸易组织成员和学术界肯定其运行效果的同时,也提出了一系列的完善主张和建议。对这些完善主张和建议的分析表明,从关税与贸易总协定时期演变而来的世界贸易组织争端解决制度与世界贸易组织成员权利义务的特征是紧密联系的,不可能突破权利义务双向性、违法措施既往不咎的基本理念和制度。应充分利用这一多边制度,捍卫双边权利、寻求双边救济。     

短信码单在森林采伐限额监管中的应用

基于串口通讯技术及GSM MODEM手机短信技术实现码单数据即时传送,在福建省三明市投入试用,并构建了森林采伐限额实时监管系统。该监管系统发现某采伐证超过采伐量报警线后,能自动冻结采伐证、停办运输证、停止检尺,并用短信通知业主及主管人员对采伐量进行复核,从而实现林业局对采伐量的精准管理,增强对采伐限额的监管力度。     

Developers and farmers intertwining interventions: the case of rainwater harvesting and food-for-work in Degua Temben,Tigray, Ethiopia

Understanding the objectives, strategies and actions of the different actors that play a role in the implementation of rural development programmes is a key to explaining the latter's success and sustainability. Based on in-depth anthropological fieldwork and from an actor perspective this paper shows how the Rainwater Harvesting Pond Programme (RHPP) and the public work component of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) work out in practice in one district of the Tigray region in Ethiopia. Developers and farmers turn the two essentially unrelated rural development programmes into practically intertwined interventions, which leads to an undesirable set of outcomes. The RHPP's participants, who are conceived of as willing to improve, are favoured above other candidates for employment in the PSNP, which farmers compete for. Developers' and farmers' moves and countermoves result in targeting errors in the PSNP and in farmers massively constructing rainwater harvesting ponds, the large majority of which fail because farmers do not aspire to make them succeed, but merely see them as a stepping stone to employment in the PSNP. In addition both groups' perception of each other is affected. Our observations challenge prevailing interpretations of the effects of development interventions on Tigrayan people's livelihoods.     

某些财务比率存在的不足与改进

通过对财务比率的分析,揭示了现存财务比率的不足与局限性,并提出改进方法,使其更能全面反映企业的财务状况和盈利能力,并使其可靠性大大提高,投资者和债权人被误导的可能性则会大大降低。     

Regime switching in stochastic models of commodity prices: An application to an optimal tree harvesting problem

This paper investigates whether a regime switching model of stochastic lumber prices is better for the analysis of optimal harvesting problems in forestry than a more traditional single regime model. Prices of lumber derivatives are used to calibrate a regime switching model, with each of two regimes characterized by a different mean reverting process. A single regime, mean reverting process is also calibrated. The value of a representative stand of trees and optimal harvesting prices are determined by specifying a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Variational Inequality, which is solved for both pricing models using a implicit finite difference approach. The regime switching model is found to more closely match the behavior of futures prices than the single regime model. In addition, analysis of a tree harvesting problem indicates significant differences in terms of land value and optimal harvest thresholds between the regime switching and single regime models.     

中小企业关系型融资研究

中小企业在国民经济发展中具有重要作用,但资金短缺成为制约中小企业发展的瓶颈。博弈分析证明传统的交易型借贷在中小企业和银行之间基本上是无效率的,而关系型融资更有助于解决中小企业融资难题。由于中小企业、银行及外部环境等相关因素影响,关系型融资在实际操作中具有一定的局限性。     

集体林权制度配套改革中的林权抵押贷款研究——基于金融机构信贷风险视角

从金融机构信贷风险的视角分析,认为导致集体林权制度配套改革中的林权抵押贷款困境的原因为信贷约束,而信贷约束主要是金融机构提供信贷时的收益与风险严重不匹配造成的。林权抵押物价值保全风险和处置变现风险是金融机构承受的主要信贷风险。因此,打破林权抵押贷款困境,降低金融机构信贷风险的重要举措为大力发展政策性森林保险和适度放宽林木采伐管制。     

论法律解释对实现法制统一的困境

法制统一是法律解释的一项基本原则,是实现法治和国家统一的基本要求。但法律解释对法制统一的满足是有限度的,由于立法意图的不明确性、语言的开放性和解释主体的内部分化,很难在法律解释中实现完全的法制统一。