竞争法视野中的“超著作权”及其限制

"超著作权"系版权法为应对数字时代的挑战而创设的一项与传统的著作权截然不同的权利。超著作权自问世以来,不断受到来自各方面的批评,而且事实上也产生了诸多的消极影响。在各国的立法例中,虽然有关超著作权的制度安排不尽相同,但对于超著作权的消极作用的法律规制均存在一定的缺陷。我国在给予超著作权保护的前提下,更应该尽快完善对于该项权利行使的限制。     

Optimal fishery harvesting rules under uncertainty

This paper derives the optimal fishery harvest policy in a real-option model with a stochastic logistic growth process, harvest-sensitive output price, and both fixed and variable harvesting costs. The policy specifies the harvest trigger and harvest size, while outputs from the model include the value of the fishery and the risk of extinction. The optimal policy is illustrated with data from the Pacific Halibut Fishery. For this particular case, the optimal policy recommends harvesting when the fish stock rises to about three-quarters the environmental carrying capacity, and the amount harvested should be approximately a quarter of the prevailing stock. This harvesting policy maximizes the value of the fishery, and importantly, the resulting risk of extinction is negligible. We also carry out some sensitivity analysis to see how the optimal policy (and the resulting fishery value and risk of extinction) change when the input parameters are varied, particularly the ecological parameters intrinsic growth rate and volatility of the stock, and also the economic parameters that have been ignored in previous papers (price sensitivity and fixed cost). If the optimal policy is followed, the risk of extinction will be negligible, except for very low growth rate and high volatility.     

河北省国有林场森林采伐管理改革意愿分析

以河北省3个典型国有林场为研究对象,采用参与式半结构调查方法,对森林采伐现状和改革意愿进行调查分析表明,现行采伐制度存在着分类管理类型多、审批手续复杂,并且与森林经营方案脱节等问题,森林采伐管理制度已经不能完全适应森林可持续经营要求。政策建议:逐步建立以森林经营方案为核心的森林资源管理制度,强化森林经营方案编制与执行力度。     

环境管理的经济手段约束性分析

城市环境管理的经济手段相对于传统的行政手段相比,具有很多优点,但由于现实复杂而多变,经济刺激手段不一定如预期的那样发挥作用.从经济手段在国内外城市环境管理中运用的实践出发,探讨城市环境管理的经济手段在实际运用中的约束,以利城市环境经济管理手段的潜在优势得到充分发挥.     

《生物安全议定书》的贸易条款及其影响

由于转基因生物对生物多样性、生态环境和人体健康可能产生潜在的有害影响,《生物安全议定书》的贸易条款对转基因生物贸易作了较严格的限制。但是受到多种因素的交互影响,这些条款的贸易限制效果是有限的。     

马铃薯收获环节的实物和价值损耗研究

[目的]为研究我国马铃薯在收获环节实物和价值损耗情况,从而针对性提出马铃薯在收获环节的降损措施,课题组在马铃薯主产区甘肃省和内蒙古进行实地调研。[方法]文章通过数学统计方法如算术平均值、加权平均值等计算实物损耗量和实物损耗率,并从成本损失和收益损失两个层面计算价值损耗,通过SPSS软件进行独立样本T检验,检验调研结果是否有统计学意义。[结果]马铃薯在收获环节的实物损耗率为5.12%,机械收获马铃薯的实物损耗率为4.35%,人工收获马铃薯的实物损耗率为6.10%。尽管机械收获马铃薯的生产总成本高于人工收获,但是机械收获的实物损耗率低于人工收获,导致机械收获的价值损耗同样小于人工收获。根据调研结果显示由于收获环节的损耗造成的收益损失占总收入的比例高达5.41%。[结论]通过推广机械收获可以降低1.75%的损耗率,加大农民的培训可以降低0.87%的损耗率,扩大种植规模可以降低0.75%的损耗率,共可以降低3.37%的损耗率,从而增加马铃薯供给量和农民收入。     

A High Road to Sustainability? Wildflower Harvesting,Ethical Trade and Social Upgrading in South Africa's Western Cape

This paper evaluates the outcomes from an ambitious wildflower harvesting programme in South Africa's Western Cape, which has sought to achieve positive outcomes in terms of socio‐economic development and biodiversity conservation. Indigenous wildflowers, harvested according to conservation principles, are processed into ‘Cape Flora’ bouquets and sold into international and domestic markets. The principal supply chain provides an example of ethical trade due to the explicit environmental and social standards that are required at local sites of production. The incorporation of such standards represents an attempt to engender economic and social upgrading within the value chain. In this sense, the programme is consistent with dominant policy discourses, which suggest that exploiting potentially profitable niches within international trade flows represents a ‘high road’ to economic growth and transformation. The paper focuses upon the job creation and social impacts of the programme in the context of efforts to overcome South Africa's deeply entrenched socio‐economic disparities and high poverty levels. Despite impressive growth in production and exports during the global financial crisis, there have been mixed outcomes in terms of benefits to stakeholders at the upstream end of the supply chain. The paper concludes by considering the extent to which local initiatives operating under the framework of ethical trade possess the potential to facilitate effective social and economic upgrading.     

论法律解释对实现法制统一的困境

法制统一是法律解释的一项基本原则,是实现法治和国家统一的基本要求。但法律解释对法制统一的满足是有限度的,由于立法意图的不明确性、语言的开放性和解释主体的内部分化,很难在法律解释中实现完全的法制统一。     

中小企业关系型融资研究

中小企业在国民经济发展中具有重要作用,但资金短缺成为制约中小企业发展的瓶颈。博弈分析证明传统的交易型借贷在中小企业和银行之间基本上是无效率的,而关系型融资更有助于解决中小企业融资难题。由于中小企业、银行及外部环境等相关因素影响,关系型融资在实际操作中具有一定的局限性。     

完善高校会计核算工作之对策

会计核算工作的好坏影响着高校财务工作的质量,高校财务部门应对会计核算中存在的问题引起重视,提高会计核算的水平和质量,以更好地服务于高校教育事业。