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891.
财政收支划分是财政管理体制的重要组成部分.在市场经济体制下,财政收支划分立法有利于政府职能的履行和公共财政的运行,是完善分税制财政管理体制的丛然要求.完整的财政收支划分法律制度应当由财政级次划分、财政收支分类、财政支出划分和财政收入划分等制度构成. 相似文献
892.
知识经济时代,企业自主研发是增强其竞争力的必经途径。而在国内,众多中小企业对研发投入持消极态度,尽管政府多方鼓励,但收效不大,且企业在自主研发的投入方面与发达国家有着较大的差距。可从严格保护研发成果、协作研发与加大政府的政策优惠力度等方面对中国中小企业的研发投入情况进行改进。 相似文献
893.
894.
ABSTRACT This paper offers the Introduction to the Special Issue “Economic and Financial Governance in the European Union after a decade of Economic and Political Crises.” We introduce the five papers. We distill three important lessons they offer for EU integration. 相似文献
895.
Robert U. Ayres 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1995,6(3):207-230
Economists are increasingly interested in forecasting future costs and benefits of policies for dealing with materials/energy fluxes, polluting emissions and environmental impacts on various scales, from sectoral to global. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are currently popular because they project demand and industrial structure into the future, along an equilibrium path. But they are applicable only to the extent that structural changes occur in or near equilibrium, independent of radical technological (or social) change. The alternative tool for analyzing economic implications of scenario assumptions is to use Leontief-type Input-Output (I-O) models. I-O models are unable to endogenize structural shifts (changing I-O coefficients). However, this can be a virtue when considering radical rather than incremental shifts. Postulated I-O tables can be used independently to check the internal consistency of scenarios. Or I-O models can be used to generate scenarios by linking them to econometric macro-drivers (which can, in principle, be CGE models). Explicit process analysis can be integrated, in principle, with I-O models. This hybrid scheme provides a natural means of satisfying physical constraints, especially the first and second laws of thermodynamics. This is important, to avoid constructing scenarios based on physically impossible processes. Process analysis is really the only available tool for constructing physically plausible alternative future I-O tables, and generating materials/energy and waste emissions coefficients. Explicit process analysis also helps avoid several problems characteristic of pure CGE or I-O models, viz. (1) aggregation errors (2) inability to handle arbitrary combinations of co-product and co-input relationships and (3) inability to reflect certain non-linearities such as internal feedback loops. 相似文献
896.
历史制度主义是新制度主义中的重要分支,强调政
策是随着时间的推移而被制度塑造的,存在着“路径依赖”现
象,这意味着在过去制度环境中做出的政策选择影响现在的政
策结果。中国城市治理制度深受苏联模式的影响,若想理解以
及应对规划管理中存在的问题,首先需探索其历史。提供了一
种从规划历史切入分析的视角以更好地理解与解决规划管理中
的现存问题,进而构建具有我国发展特色的规划管理理论分析
方法。首先探讨了历史制度主义在制度分析中的应用及优势,
然后通过探讨与分析我国绿地资源管理现状证明苏联模式如何
通过“路径依赖”影响现在的绿地资源管理机制,将历史制度
主义分析方法应用于理解我国的规划管理实践中,在我国自然
资源部成立的改革大背景下提出相应政策建议。 相似文献
897.
Cheng Cui 《中国经济评论(英文版)》2005,4(3):79-81
The price model for a single commodity market is a very important economic model that describes the basic rules for price fluctuations in a single commodity market. In this paper, we investigated the general case for the model, and proved that every positive solution is bounded and we obtained a necessary and sufficient condition for oscillation of every positive solution concerning positive state solution. 相似文献
898.
Günter Coenen 《Empirical Economics》2005,30(1):65-75
This paper provides closed-form formulae for computing the asymptotic covariance matrices of the estimated autocovariance and autocorrelation functions of stable VAR models by means of the delta method. These covariance matrices can be used to construct asymptotic confidence bands for the estimated autocovariance and autocorrelation functions to assess the underlying estimation uncertainty. The usefulness of the formulae for empirical work is illustrated by an application to inflation and output gap data for the U.S. economy indicating the existence of a significant short-run Phillips-curve tradeoff.First version received: November 2002/Final version received: September 2003 相似文献
899.
Do Institutions Cause Growth? 总被引:11,自引:5,他引:11
Edward L. Glaeser Rafael La Porta Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Andrei Shleifer 《Journal of Economic Growth》2004,9(3):271-303
We revisit the debate over whether political institutions cause economic growth, or whether, alternatively, growth and human capital accumulation lead to institutional improvement. We find that most indicators of institutional quality used to establish the proposition that institutions cause growth are constructed to be conceptually unsuitable for that purpose. We also find that some of the instrumental variable techniques used in the literature are flawed. Basic OLS results, as well as a variety of additional evidence, suggest that (a) human capital is a more basic source of growth than are the institutions, (b) poor countries get out of poverty through good policies, often pursued by dictators, and (c) subsequently improve their political institutions. 相似文献
900.
城市环境外部性的经济分析与对策研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文将就环境外部性的特点进行经济分析,提出运用经济学、伦理学及政治学综合性知识,在追求高效率、确立道德约束、建立政治规则和明确衡量标准的基础上,制定治理环境外部性的积极对策。 相似文献