Towards a geography of tourism

This paper traces the development of geographical interest in tourism during the past half century and examines the range and scope of the geography of tourism. The available literature is reviewed and suggestions are made regarding possible research aveneus and theoretical developments. Six major areas of interest are identified: spatial aspects of supply, spatial aspects of demand, the geography of resorts, patterns of movements and flows, the impact of tourism, and models of tourist space. Through an emphasis on spatial interaction an attempt is made to provide some cohesion and synthesis for this body of knowledge which constitutes the basis of the geography of tourism.     

Estimating the Economic Impact of Convention and Exhibition Businesses,Using a Regional Input–Output Model: A Case Study of the Daejeon Convention Center in South Korea

Past research on the economic impact of convention and exhibition businesses has neglected disaggregated expenditures of these consumer groups. The primary reason for this neglect is that estimating the economic impacts of these businesses is complicated and requires comprehensive surveys of various consumer groups. Thus, this study estimated expenditures based on surveys to different consumers such as convention and exhibition visitors, convention and exhibition organizers, and exhibitors. This study also employed a regional input–output (I–O) model and then matched the types of expenditure patterns with the I–O table. Survey results show that exhibition visitors spent the largest amount (US$153 million), followed by convention attendees (US$48 million), convention organizers (US$47 million), exhibition organizers (US$3.3 million), and exhibitors (US$2.8 million). The results of the I–O model indicate that the Daejeon Convention Center generated US$488 million of output impact, US$102 million of income impact, US$233 million of value added impact, and 10,211 jobs.     

Spending Behaviors of Event Tourists

Abstract

Assessing the economic impact of a tourism event on a host economy often involves the estimation of average event tourist spending per trip/night. As event and destination marketers become more selective with their promotions, targeting prospective high-value tourists, it is important for them to know the spending characteristics of different types of visitors so that resources can be allocated to reach and influence event tourists who will most benefit the host economy. This study's findings of visitors to the 1999 Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta reveal that tourists from communities nearer the host economy typically spend fewer net dollars than those from greater distances. First time event visitors spend considerably more than repeat visitors who have “been there, done that” and may not feel the need to do “that” again.     

Natural and anthropogenic influences on the year-round temperature dynamics of air and water in Postojna show cave,Slovenia

Air and groundwater temperatures were measured in a rimstone pool in Postojna Cave, to advise evaluation of the impact of natural and anthropogenic influences related to heat being initially transmitted into cave air by visitors. Such heat can accumulate both in the rock mass and in water. Results show that attention must be paid to temperature changes of rimstone pool water rather than those of cave air, especially during the winter. Thanks to good ventilation deep inside the cave, short-term air temperature increases related to higher visitor numbers have not influenced flowstone precipitation or the cave fauna. However, this situation might change if winter visitor numbers increased greatly. This study does not support a suggested increase in winter visits (currently the tourism low-season) and reduction of summer visits (currently the tourism high-season).     

旅华英国游客O→D旅游客流动力机制研究

文章在分析目前客源地→目的地旅游客流动力机制相关研究理论现状与不足的基础上,提出了＂推—拉—阻＂旅游动力机制。然后,在10个热点旅游城市采用100分制6点等距量表,以537份旅华英国游客有效问卷数据为依据,对旅华英国游客来我国城市旅游的旅游动力中的推力因子、拉力因子、阻力因子及其权重进行了研究。研究结果表明,旅华英国客流旅游动力中主要有8大推力因子、9大拉力因子和7大阻力因子,推力在促动力中占44%,拉力在促动力中占56%,阻力相当于促动力的39%。     

也论区域旅游合作的动力机制——兼与靳诚等同志商榷

本文对研究者建立的一个区域旅游合作动力机制模型进行了分析,指出了其中存在的问题,提出了对区域旅游合作动力机制新的理解.本文将区域旅游合作的动力机制理解为区域基础条件和旅游市场对旅游企业或政府产生作用并促使他们采取合作行为的机制.     

“旅游罩”现象的实证研究——以九寨沟为例

本文在旅游罩理论研究的基础上,以四川九寨沟为例,对旅游罩现象进行实证研究,以期推进国内关于旅游罩现象研究的进一步发展.论文从3个方面分别分析了九寨沟旅游者罩、旅游业罩和旅游目的地罩的形成原因.研究表明,旅游罩现象在九寨沟旅游区是存在的,业已对旅游者体验和目的地社会文化造成了影响.本文的研究将进一步促进对旅游罩现象的认识,为合理制定九寨沟旅游业发展战略提供依据,也为其他旅游区旅游业健康发展提供借鉴.     

制度对旅游发展影响研究综述与启示

处于经济体制转轨期及对宏观环境敏感的中国旅游业,受制度结构与产业政策影响很大,一个完善的制度是保证旅游业持续发展的关键.本文回顾和比较了国内外制度对旅游发展影响的相关研究,国外学者比较集中于制度对遗产保护与管理、可持续旅游、旅游产业、发展中国家旅游发展影响及旅游发展宏观政策等领域的研究,国内学者对这些领域也有涉及,但更关注的研究领域是旅游行业与企业管理体制变迁、制度对旅游饭店、旅行社与景区业发展影响以及对旅游资源与遗产的保护与开发影响等.两者研究关注点的差异,显示了制度因素对我国旅游业发展具有更重要的影响.     

民族村寨社区参与旅游开发的利益保障机制

民族村寨作为一类特殊社区,是我国乡村旅游开发的重要区域.社区参与是民族村寨旅游可持续发展的前提,而社区旅游利益的保障是社区有效参与的决定性因素.本文从旅游利益分配现状及其原因出发,基于开发的基本理念和目标提出了民族村寨社区参与旅游的利益保障机制.