中间产品进口对中国高技术产品出口技术含量的影响

在新贸易理论的指导下,国际贸易模式不断发展与创新,产品内贸易盛行。本文根据2000—2013年高技术产品五大行业面板数据,基于豪斯曼构建的产品出口复杂度指标对中国高技术产品的出口技术含量进行测度,得出这期间其出口技术含量呈现逐年上升的趋势。本文引入虚拟变量,实证分析FDI、R&D及中间产品进口五大行业对其出口技术含量的影响。结果表明,总体来说FDI、R&D和中间产品进口均有助于提升产品的出口技术含量;但对细分行业来说,中间产品进口与出口技术含量的关系是不确定的,需要区分不同类型的产品,电子及通信设备、电子计算机及办公设备和医疗设备及仪器仪表三类产品的中间产品进口会促进高技术产品出口技术含量的提升,而医药和航空航天器产品的中间产品进口则会阻碍其出口技术含量的提升。     

全球管道天然气贸易节点重要性评价

因各国天然气需求增加,全球天然气贸易局势愈加复杂,本文构建全球管道天然气贸易复杂网络,从静态网络结构特征与动态网络功能维度选取多个指标,运用“熵值法”和“时序加权平均算子”构建节点国家重要性动态综合评价模型,利用2013~2019年全球管道天然气贸易数据进行实证分析。结果表明:从出口视角看,俄罗斯占据核心地位;哈萨克斯坦和挪威等靠近网络中心、出口稳定;荷兰、美国和英国起贸易枢纽作用;阿尔及利亚和加拿大等虽出口量大,但贸易关系单一。德国、法国和中国等国家,受限于能源禀赋,在进口端占据重要地位。美洲、欧洲地区管道天然气贸易流转速率和市场化程度优于中东、亚太和非洲地区。最后,本文提出了优化我国管道天然气进口的相关建议。     

Export and import composition as determinants of bilateral trade in goods: evidence from Russia

Conventional theory and several empirical studies state that incomes and exchange rates are the key determinants of the trade balance. Here, we argue that export and import composition are also key explanatory variables because some goods are inelastic and/or with a high added value, directly and indirectly affecting income and price elasticities and trade balance. Thus, if exports and/or imports significantly consist of price inelastic products, then, a positive and a negative effect, respectively, should be expected on the trade balance. Using bilateral trade data and dynamic panel models, we found that the ratio of exports of crude petroleum and natural gas (price inelastic goods) to total exports is significantly and positively associated with the Russian trade balance in goods. For its part, Russian imports of high-tech goods (income elastic and price inelastic with a high added value) show a negative association. The goods balance of Russia also responded to changes in relative income, but there is only weak evidence of reactions to changes in the exchange rate. These findings partially explain the persistent surplus in the Russian trade balance and current account.     

THE RESPONSE OF STATE‐OWNED ENTERPRISES TO IMPORT COMPETITION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINESE MANUFACTURING FIRMS

We examine the wage and employment impact on Chinese firms of an increase in import competition associated with China's WTO accession in December 2001, with an emphasis on state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). We find that both wage and employment are negatively impacted by an increase in import competition, but firms with high state ownership cut employment less and reduce wages more than their private counterparts, suggesting that they prioritize the protection of employment over that of wages. This finding supports the notion that SOEs may have ‘multitask’ responsibilities in terms of protecting employment as well as achieving efficiency. We also find that firms with higher capital intensity reduce their wages less but cut employment more in response to intensified import competition. This provides empirical support for the efficiency wage theory.     

Nonlinearity and asymmetry in the exchange rate pass‐through: What role for nominal price stickiness?

This paper examines the importance of nominal rigidity for nonlinearity and asymmetry of exchange rate pass‐through. For this purpose, we rely on company‐level data of French importing firms. We find that the well established fact that “prices rise faster than they fall,” which is characterized by the convex import price reaction function, lies primarily with the presence of nominal rigidity. Once price stickiness is controlled for, there is empirical evidence that the import price reaction function is rather concave if the linearity assumption can be rejected, indicating that firms aim primarily to protect their market share.     

基于厚尾分布模型在上证股指波动趋势上的应用

高风险高波动时期的股指收益率序列存在更为明显的厚尾现象,将残差设定为偏t分布的GARCH族模型要优于普通的正态分布以及学生t分布模型。以五种损失函数作为评价准则,在残差序列偏t分布前提下比较了GARCH模型、EGARCH模型和GJR-GARCH模型,最后得到在高风险时期结构更为简洁的GARCH(1,1)模型具有更好的预测效果。     

粮食安全视阈下中国粮食进口贸易研究

我国粮食进口规模逐渐扩大,进口市场越来越集中,严重影响我国粮食安全。通过分析发现,形成我国粮食进口现状的原因包括:我国粮食产需存在一定缺口,粮食生产人工成本及土地成本比重大,进口粮食价格低于本土粮食价格,《农业协定》所规定的权利与义务不平衡,我国农业支持保护制度存在一定的不科学性。依据结论提出要增强粮食自给能力与防范风险能力,衔接一带一路建设,充分发挥WTO的作用,坚持粮食价格支持制度,从而更好地维护我国粮食安全。     

浅论我国钢铁企业投资印度铁矿石——现实必要性和可行性

当前,我国钢铁行业已经到了无法承受铁矿石价格的再次上涨的困难境地,而且钢价上涨的影响将必然向处于下游产业的汽车、房产、生活用品等行业传递,对国民经济其他部门造成一些不好的连锁反应。中国投资海外铁矿石"这一步"非走不可,但一定要走准走稳。要善于总结以往的经验教训,确立利益风险平衡的商业心态,与资源国实现利益共赢。     

股指期货的推出对我国证券市场影响的研究

股指期货的推出是完善我国证券市场的必经之路,虽然目前由于股市行情不好,经济增长速度下降,在短期推出股指期货从理论上和实践要求上不可取,但是从长远发展看,推出股指期货是必要和可行的。根据分析,股指期货对股市波动性的影响在短期存在,但是长期的影响不明显;并且有利于增加股市的流动性,有利于证券市场良好有序的发展。     

Implicit exchange regimes in Central and Eastern Europe: a first exploration

This paper attempts to identify implicit exchange rate regimes for currencies of the Central and Eastern European Countries vis-à-vis the euro. To that end, we apply a sequential procedure that considers the dynamics of exchange rates to data covering the period from 1977:01 to 2006:02. Our results would suggest that implicit bands have existed in many subperiods for almost all currencies under study. Once we detect de facto discrepancies between de facto and de iure exchange rate regimes, we propose a model in order to explain these decisions. Our results suggest a positive association between the previous inflation rate and the probability of a peg with the euro, and a negative association with past unemployment rate.