任务型教学模式与学习者自主能力的培养

根据语言学习规律及大学英语教学目标要求,大学英语教学要着重在培养学习者的自主能力上下功夫.但从我国目前教学和学生的现状来看,一时难以达到这个目标,可行的办法是:应结合我们的实际,采用新型的任务型教学模式,让学生在教师的引导下,通过在学习过程中逐步培养而获得这种能力.     

衡阳“两型”社会建设的新思路探析

湖南省委在第九次党代会上提出＂3＋5＂城市群＂资源节约型和环境友好型＂＂两型＂社会建设的战略构想。衡阳＂两型＂社会建设的主要任务是推进新型工业化、新型城镇化、农业现代化、信息化和生态文明建设,加快发展现代服务业,构建和谐衡阳。基本内容是探索资源节约、生态环境保护、产业结构优化升级、科技和人才管理创新、土地管理、对外开放、投融资、财税、统筹城乡发展、行政管理等方面的体制机制创新和改革。总体思路是加强领导和监督,注重示范建设,实现体制机制的突破创新,盯住重大项目和抓住关键节点,推动＂两型＂社会建设。     

中国废水排放量趋势预测——基于任务相关性的机器学习方法

中国的水污染是一个非常严重的问题,为了控制水污染,对中国未来废水排放量进行准确预测具有十分重要的意义。从影响废水排放量的潜在变量中筛选出GDP、人均GDP和产业结构三个关键预测变量,采用1998—2017年中国省域数据和基于任务相关性的机器学习方法对各省份废水排放量趋势进行预测。实验结果表明,所建立的预测模型能够保持线性回归模型的可解释性,并获得较高的预测精度(RMSE、MAE和MAPE分别为0.0882、0.0643和0.5533)。预计全国年废水排放总量2025年最低将达到9081209万吨,最高9903864万吨;2030年最低将达到10864311万吨,最高13081922万吨。政府部门可根据预测结果制定废水减排计划和经济发展规划,在发展经济的同时维持生态环境的平衡。     

Task specialization and low-skilled immigration in a highly educated country: Evidence from Korea

While imperfect substitutability between native and immigrant workers is an important mechanism in estimating the wage effects of immigration, its empirical literature is concentrated on the context of only a few countries. Using occupation task-intensity data from a unique Korean data set, we demonstrate that relatively skilled native Korean workers respond to increased low-skilled immigration by pursuing jobs more intensive in communication and cognitive tasks. This native response is mainly pronounced in knowledge-intensive service sectors and leads to an improvement in average wages in these sectors. Our results support the general assumption that the labor market impact of immigration critically depends on whether native and immigrant workers are substitutes or complements in production.     

The market impact of systemic risk capital surcharges

This paper tests the ‘Too-Big-to-Fail’ hypothesis that whether being designated as a global systemically important bank (G-SIB) has an impact on the credit default swap (CDS) price of the bank, thereby reducing its credit risk. We find surprising evidence that the CDS spreads of a bank increase (decrease) after the announcement of a higher (lower) capital surcharge. However, this effect is temporary, as the mean CDS spreads revert to preannouncement level, dropping sharply after the initial rise. These findings create a puzzle by implying that a higher capital surcharge requirement and more stringent regulation could outweigh the implicit subsidy advantages of being too-big-to-fail.     

Ethical human resource management mitigates the positive association between illegitimate tasks and employee unethical behaviour

Drawing on social cognitive theory and social information processing theory, we developed a moderated mediation model in which moral disengagement was theorised as a unique mechanism to explain why employees engage in unethical behaviours after performing illegitimate tasks. Ethical human resource management (HRM) was proposed as a boundary condition that influences this mechanism. We tested the model using time-lagged supervisor–subordinate matched data. The results showed that moral disengagement mediated the relationship between illegitimate tasks and unethical behaviours, and that this relationship was weaker when ethical HRM was perceived to be high level rather than low level. Thus, our hypotheses were supported. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

面向中国式现代化的国土空间格局优化：基本遵循、理论逻辑和战略任务

研究目的：立足中国式现代化五大基本特征,剖析国土空间格局优化和中国式现代化的关系,为国土空间治理体系和治理能力现代化水平的提升提供参考。研究方法：文献研究法,综合分析法。研究结果：（1）中国式现代化具有的人口规模巨大、全体人民共同富裕、物质文明和精神文明相协调、人与自然和谐共生、走和平发展道路五大特征是国土空间格局优化的基本前提、基本要求、基本原则、基本伦理和基本追求;（2）国土空间格局优化能够以“人地耦合”的基础逻辑、“规律纠偏”的功能逻辑、“文化精神”的引导逻辑、“生态文明”的支撑逻辑和“全球治理”的参与逻辑,助力中国式现代化的实现;（3）基于“需求—功能”的匹配思路,面向中国式现代化的国土空间格局优化战略任务是打造人地协调、融合均等、文明有序、优美和谐和安全共治的国土空间新格局。研究结论：中国式现代化的五大特征是国土空间格局优化的基本遵循,而国土空间格局优化则是助力中国式现代化实现的有效手段。未来,国土空间格局优化应当沿着中国式现代化的根本道路,不断提升国土空间治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。     

认清形势明确任务开创农业计划工作新局面——在全国农业计划工作会议上的讲话

分析了2000年农业和农村经济形势,指出农业结构调整取得明显进展,农业和农村经济发展中存在的突出问题是农民增收困难。在此基础上从6个方面明确了2001年农业计划工作的主要任务：一是推进农业结构调整;二是加快西部农业开发;三是大力发展农业产业化经营;四是编制和实施“十五”计划;五是研究应对加入世贸组织的措施;六是加大农业投资建设力度。最后从3个方面提出了做好农业计划工作的意见;一是突出农业发展和建设主线;二是加强制度建设,规范计划管理;三是提高干部队伍素质,进一步转变作风。     

Don't shoot yourself in the foot! A (real-effort task) experiment on income redistribution and voting

This paper reports results from a laboratory experiment that investigates the Meltzer–Richard model of equilibrium tax rates in which individuals are either low or high skilled workers and face a real-effort task that includes leisure at the work place. We find that a large proportion of low-skilled workers vote for the lowest tax rate (the one that gives them the lowest payoff), especially when the alternative tax rate is very high. However, this proportion is significantly reduced in treatments in which the subjects are given extra information about how the tax operates in redistributing income. This result suggests that the lack of information about the role of taxes in income redistribution may be an important factor in explaining the counter-intuitive voting behavior of low-income voters over income redistribution. We also find some support that the prospect of upward mobility and the belief in the negative effect of taxes on productivity make low-income voters support low tax rates, especially when the alternative tax rate is very high.     

设计导向、产品开发与长期利益——以数字产品团队为例

设计导向包括用户共情、协同发散、迭代、多重表征四个维度。本文在资源基础观的基础上构建理论框架,认为设计导向可以帮助新产品开发团队通过减少常规和认知惯性来开发更多的创新产品,并对此进行了验证分析。本文以数字化产品及其团队为研究对象,通过采集调查问卷数据,实证探究了设计导向、产品开发(实用性和新颖性)与长期利益的关系,以及任务复杂度在其中的调节作用。研究结果表明：无论新产品开发团队是面对简单任务还是复杂任务,设计导向都与产品实用性呈正相关；但只有在面对简单任务时,设计导向才与产品新颖性呈正相关；产品开发在设计导向和产品长期利益之间起部分中介作用,这主要是由产品实用性带来的。本文为新产品开发团队有效运用设计导向原则,开发更多具有长期利益的产品提供了理论借鉴。