Stochastic efficiency analysis with risk aversion bounds: a correction

A recent paper by Hardaker et al. (The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 48, 2004a, 253) and book by Hardaker et al. (Coping with Risk in Agriculture, 2004b) describe a procedure for determining an efficient set from among a set of random alternatives. This procedure, called stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF), is claimed to make the same assumption concerning the risk aversion measures as does stochastic dominance with respect to a function (SDRF). This is claim is incorrect. SERF imposes an additional requirement on the risk aversion measures of the decision makers. Both procedures assume a lower and an upper bound on risk aversion, but SERF also assumes that all risk aversion measures are of the same functional form as these lower and upper bound functions. This additional strong requirement on risk preferences implies that the efficient set identified under SERF is usually smaller than that identified using SDRF.     

改革开放30年中国集体林发展趋势分析

通过集体林区改革开放以来各项政策、制度的变化,对森林资源、木材及木质产品供给、造林面积、营林投资、林业重点工程、林地生产力与利用率、农民收入、环境质量与经营发展之间的关系等多方面的绩效分析,指出:集体林区已经取代了东北国有林区,成为我国重要的木材及木质产品基地;但集体林区营林投资呈下降态势;林地生产力和林地利用率虽然提高,但仍处于较低水平;农民是林业生产的主体,但在林业生产中并没有得到较大的好处,在农户家庭收入中所占比重很低。研究表明,林业家庭经营形式并不十分适合中国集体林区,在一定程度上制约了集体林区的发展,尚需与时俱进地开展集体林产权制度改革,在产权清晰基础上,引导适度林地流转,促进规模经营,鼓励专业化经营。同时要对产品与服务市场、林业税费制度、采伐制度、生态效益补偿制度等协调配套改革,把集体林产权制度改革纳入到解决"三农"问题的大背景中加以解决。最后指出,产权的明确与清晰是集体林业发展的前提和必要条件,而不是全部。激励和竞争同样极其重要,建立相应的激励机制是保证我国集体林发展的充分条件。     

北京湿地退化的经济学分析

应用环境经济学原理,结合湿地准公共资源性、正外部性、负外部性以及代际外部性等经济属性,对北京湿地退化的经济成因进行了分析。结果表明:北京湿地退化的成因主要是缺乏可以产生抵消作用的制约因素、非正规的社会制裁、正规并能有效执行的法律措施手段、正反两种外部性的补偿与制约以资源分配代际权利制衡机制等。     

The managerial implications of an analysis of tourist profiles and international hotel employee service attitude

Numerous studies indicate that customer satisfaction is closely related to hotel employees’ service attitude, and that distinct segments of a target tourist market require distinct customer service emphases. The enclosed study finds, for example, that Taiwanese tourists generally appreciate friendliness and enthusiasm, Japanese tourists admire courteousness and propriety, and American tourists value immediacy and efficiency. Marketers and personnel managers are therefore well advised to develop training strategies emphasizing empathy, gracious problem solving, and prompt individual attention for Taiwanese, Japanese, and American tourists, respectively. Importance–performance analysis (IPA) can be used to identify crucial aspects of appropriate service and recommend managerial strategies to support their implementation.     

A contrast analysis of online hotel web service purchasers and browsers

Ever since the introduction of Internet technology to general business, websites have played an important role in the business and promotional efforts of hotels. However, the existing tourism and hospitality literature contains only a limited number of articles that examine the perceived importance of the different attributes of a hotel website. This paper reports a study that analyzed the different perceptions of specific hotel website attributes between online purchasers and browsers and between Western and Asian users. The empirical findings reveal a set of attributes that are the most important in developing effective hotel websites. The findings also indicate the necessity of designing English- and Chinese-language hotel websites differently, based on the significant differences in the responses obtained from these two groups of online users.     

Cross-cultural comparison of the image of Guam perceived by Korean and Japanese leisure travelers: Importance–performance analysis

As international tourism becomes a global phenomenon and its volume increases rapidly, understanding cultural differences and similarities provides destination marketers in a host country with a strategic platform upon which any planning and marketing efforts should be grounded. Based on the theory of cultural value orientation, the current study focuses on a cross-cultural comparison between the two markets most important to Guam tourism: Japanese and Korean leisure travelers. Using Importance–performance analysis, the evaluative image of Guam perceived by Korean travelers is compared with that perceived by Japanese travelers to uncover any differences between these two nationality groups. The results clearly indicate a contrast between the two groups in terms of destination evaluations and behavioral patterns.     

基于指标法和主成分分析法的地区优势产业选择与评价

利用重要的单指标对包头市的优势产业进行了粗选,结合包头市的实际情况,设计了包头市优势产业评价的指标体系,选择了比较城市,运用主成分分析法,选择出了包头市的优势产业。     

中国黄金市场期货与现货价格关系实证研究

根据向量自回归模型的脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法,借助协整关系和格兰杰因果关系,构建双变量EC-EGARCH模型,对我国黄金期货市场与现货市场的价格关系实证.结果显示,黄金期货与现货之间不存在相互影响关系;协整残差是好的解释变量;杠杆效应和溢出效应不明显;期货市场价格发现功能有待进一步完善.     

收入分配理论的比较分析:马克思与新古典

马克思分配理论和新古典分配理论虽然都论述了工资、利润、利息和地租等分配形式,但在研究视角、价值基础、研究目的、研究方法上是完全不同的.马克思的分配理论才是真正科学的分配理论,才是我国收入分配政策的理论来源.