未来的管理

我们正处在一个巨变的时代,巨变的核心是新的生产方式已经产生了,并且在不断地发展成熟且必然影响甚至改变未来。新的生产方式就是“以互联网平台为支撑的智能化规模定制生产方式”。这一生产方式本质是一种为广大消费者个性化消费生产服务且可以大规模进行的全新模式,目前的新技术革命与进步中的大部分如人工智能、大数据分析、互联网、5G通讯、智能设备、工业互联网、区块链技术、智慧供应链等本质上都是为了这一生产方式的诞生与发展做准备的。正因为如此,可以预料未来相应于此生产方式的管理必然发生巨大变化。未来的管理可能是在智能化条件下“平台+分布式生产”的无边界网络组织中进行的管理;未来的管理可能是资源存在于不同区块之中的“去中心”或“无中心”组织形态时的对资源的配置;未来的管理也可能是一种个性化的管理或完全的自组织自我管理。     

略论列宁对俄国社会主义道路探索之特点

列宁在探索俄国社会主义道路的过程中,表现出三个特点:现实性、灵活性、论战性。这些是很值得我们吸取的。     

能源革命对煤炭产业的深刻影响及战略对策

从近期对煤炭产业产生的直接影响和从长远战略上的影响进行分析,着眼点从国家转型变轨的大局,分析煤炭产业如何从战略上应对这场革命的到来,不仅要看到有暂时的冲击,也要看到存在巨大的发展机会。并从煤炭能源的集约化、洁净化、高效化战略目标出发,提出以质量优势逐步取代数量优势、资源整合推进产业集约化、实现煤电融合等战略举措。     

High rural population density Africa – What are the growth requirements and who participates?

A large and increasing proportion of agricultural growth in Africa must come from continuous gains in land productivity in areas of high population density and hence with already relatively high yields. What that requires is analogous to the green revolution in Asia. Several features differentiate the African situation. Those include greater diversity in cropping pattern including a historically larger and more widespread tropical commodity export sector. The physical infrastructure in rural Africa is far inferior to that of most Asian countries. While the greater diversity of agriculture calls for a larger and more diverse institutional structure the reality is that the research systems, the ancillary education systems to spread innovation and the rural financial systems are generally greatly inferior to those of Asia at the beginning of the green revolution. Ethiopia’s record of a steady six to seven percent growth for agriculture and nearly halving of rural poverty demonstrates that with the right policies and investments a very poor country starting with poor physical and institutional infrastructure can bring a major contribution from agriculture growth to increased GDP and reduced poverty. As in Asia, the bulk of accelerated agricultural growth will come from small commercial farmers. They have sufficient farm income to reach or exceed the poverty level. Those are farms with, depending on the country, as little as 0.75 hectares to a few tens of hectares of land. They comprise up to half the rural population and produce on the order of 70–80 percent of agricultural output. They are in general not poor. The poor have inadequate land to reach the poverty level, initially with much underemployment, and with substantial non-farm employment. The primary driver of poverty reduction is the small commercial farmer spending on the order of half of increased income on nontradable, employment intensive goods and services from the rural non-farm sector.     

“两型社会”维度下科技实践的价值变革

在非“两型社会”发展观支配下，科技实践主要关注的是科技的经济价值，这导致科技系统与生态系统存在着结构性矛盾。“两型社会”发展观则强调科技实践应遵循生态学规律，科技活动的过程和结果都应充分地考虑自然资源和环境容量的可持续。为了实现科技实践的“两型”性，有必要为科技实践做出“两型评价”。在“两型社会”价值观规约下，要真正做到科技实践的价值转型，可以通过建立柔性价值导向系统与刚性价值导向系统来实现。     

Robert A. Millikan meets the credibility revolution: comment on Harrison (2013), ‘field experiments and methodological intolerance’1

Millikan's famous oil drop experiment is scrutinized from the viewpoint of the methodological dicta of the credibility revolution.     

Costing for strategy development and analysis in an emerging industry: The Newcastle Upon Tyne Electric Supply Company, 1889–1914

This article examines the provision of strategic costing information in the context of the emergence and growth of the British electrical power industry and its pre-eminent exemplar, the Newcastle Upon Tyne Electric Supply Company (NESCo). A detailed case study of NESCo's costing for strategy development and analysis is presented. This research finds that NESCo's adoption of systematic, formal considerations of strategy and its use of costing for strategy development and analysis were related to a combination of three factors: first, the novelty and complexity of the electricity supply industry; second, the regulated environment of the electricity supply industry; and third, the ability and drive of key individuals. The implications of this research for contemporary studies of strategic management accounting are considered.     

当代印度政府提高粮食生产的政策研究

独立以来,作为世界上第二人口大国的印度,历届政府都极其关注粮食问题,从尼赫鲁政府的土地改革到后来的绿色革命等,印度政府采取一系列措施增加粮食产量,取得相当大的成就。一个最显著的成果是到20世界70年代末,印度在低水平上实现了粮食自给。粮食是农业的基础,粮食可持续发展是农业可持续发展的基础,农业可持续发展是一国经济增长的基础。在这个背景下,研究印度独立以来解决粮食生产问题,分析其成败得失,不仅对印度粮食安全和农业发展有着重要的意义,而且对广大发展中国家包括中国在内,都有现实的借鉴意义,也可丰富发展经济学的相关研究。     

Who was colonized and when? A cross-country analysis of determinants

The process of colonization has shaped the economic and demographic contours of the modern world. In this paper, we study the determinants of the occurrence and timing of colonization of non-European countries by Western European powers. Of particular interest is the role of early development measures that are known to be strong correlates of present-day levels of income. We show that non-European societies with longer histories of agriculture and statehood and higher levels of technology adoption in 1500 were less likely to be colonized, and tended to be colonized later if at all. We also find that proximity to the colonizing powers, disease environment, and latitude are significant predictors of the occurrence and timing of colonization, although their impacts are less robust to choice of country sample. Our models have high explanatory power, and their support for the significance of early development is robust to the use of alternative indicators of early development and disease, to the use of instruments to focus on the exogenous component of early development, and to the joint estimation of the colonization and timing equations to correct for potential selection bias.     

采用市场倒逼机制促进煤炭生产革命

从"动力源""持续性"和"有效性"3个方面着眼,介绍了煤炭生产和消费者间的关系和煤炭消费需求的新变化,分析了煤炭供应者实施煤炭生产革命的方略,提出引发和推动煤炭生产革命的最根本动力是市场客户需求,只有采用市场客户需求倒逼机制才能有效地促进煤炭生产革命。