科学技术进步与现代物流业发展

通过介绍现代物流和传统物流的区别以及现代物流的特征,讨论了现代科技革命与物流技术的相互影响,并进一步说明了物流技术与科学技术革命有着密切的关系,符合科技革命关于生产实践需要的理论.物流技术的不断发展和完善是通过科技革命的内在推动力来实现的.同时,物流技术的发展和广泛应用,极大地推动着科学技术的发展和人类社会的进步.     

From Malthus to Ohlin: Trade,Industrialisation and Distribution Since 1500

A recent endogenous growth literature has focused on the transition from a Malthusian world where real wages were linked to factor endowments, to one where modern growth has broken that link. In this paper we present evidence on another, related phenomenon: the dramatic reversal in distributional trends—from a steep secular fall to a steep secular rise in wage-land rent ratios—which occurred some time early in the 19th century. What explains this reversal? While it may seem logical to locate the causes in the Industrial Revolutionary forces emphasized by endogenous growth theorists, we provide evidence that something else mattered just as much: the opening up of the European economy to international trade.     

学术型创业企业的创新机制与政策激励效应——基于人工智能产业A股上市公司数据的数值模拟分析

本文基于人工智能、大数据等新一代信息技术产业中越来越多的科研人员从事学术型创业的现象,通过与传统的商业型创业企业进行对比分析,刻画学术型创业企业的创新机制,揭示政府创新激励政策对学术型创业的作用机制及效果,进而通过建立动态优化模型,利用人工智能产业A股上市公司数据进行数值模拟,对相关研究假设进行验证。主要结论有：学术型创业企业的创新活动具有“厚积薄发”的特点,更容易产生颠覆性重大创新;学术型创业企业在发展初期以消化原有科研成果为主,R&D投入比较平稳,但在建立起相对稳定的成果转化机制后,R&D投入和技术积累水平会出现迅速提升;财政补贴对于学术型创业企业的R&D活动具有显著的正向促进作用,其政策激励效应强于税收优惠。为此,政府有关部门、高等院校和科研机构应共同搭建平台,鼓励并促进学术型创业,对学术型创业企业建立有针对性的创新激励制度,进一步完善企业的治理结构和创新机制。     

论禹之谟的革命思想和实践

禹之谟小时初具侠义思想,后来逐渐走上革命道路。他投身革命,成为近代湖南革命的重要领导者;他实业救国,成为近代湖南工业的卓越开拓者;他兴学育人,成为近代湖南新学运动的核心人物。     

现代化道路上的分裂与整合——辛亥革命与明治维新后中日两国不同国家状态的原因探析

20世纪初期的中国辛亥革命与19世纪中后期的日本明治维新都具有鲜明的资产阶级革命基本性质,都打破了原有的政权结构,引发了各自国家社会的全面变革。然而,两国变革后的国家状态却大相径庭——中国从中央集权走向军阀混战,日本从幕藩二元制走向高度中央集权。其结果既是两国革命宗旨和领导力量的差异所致,也与当时两国社会经济以及政治结构的差异密不可分。     

Engels’ pause: Technical change, capital accumulation, and inequality in the british industrial revolution

The paper reviews the macroeconomic data describing the British economy from 1760 to 1913 and shows that it passed through a two stage evolution of inequality. In the first half of the 19th century, the real wage stagnated while output per worker expanded. The profit rate doubled and the share of profits in national income expanded at the expense of labour and land. After the middle of the 19th century, real wages began to grow in line with productivity, and the profit rate and factor shares stabilized. An integrated model of growth and distribution is developed to explain these trends. The model includes an aggregate production function that explains the distribution of income, while a savings function in which savings depended on property income governs accumulation. Simulations with the model show that technical progress was the prime mover behind the industrial revolution. Capital accumulation was a necessary complement. The surge in inequality was intrinsic to the growth process: technical change increased the demand for capital and raised the profit rate and capital’s share. The rise in profits, in turn, sustained the industrial revolution by financing the necessary capital accumulation. After the middle of the 19th century, accumulation had caught up with the requirements of technology and wages rose in line with productivity.     

A Redivided Land? New Agrarian Conflicts and Questions in Zimbabwe

The recent land invasions in Zimbabwe represent a profound and contradictory revolution in that country's agrarian social order, with implications that have already spilled over the borders of this small southern African country. A settler colonial heritage that tenaciously mapped land and tenure forms into unequal zones according to race is giving way to a more complex and spatially diversi ?ed con?guration of agrarian property forms and production strategies. Control over access to the means of violence has been devolved to ruling party loyalists, war veterans, army personnel, provincial administrators and local councillors, thus shifting the forms and functions of power exercised in the name of the state and the nation. ‘Resettlement’, ‘squatting:rsquo; and ‘farm invasions’ constitute morally charged alternatives in the lexicon of movement across tenurial boundaries. Contested rights to land and to movement are mediated through discourses of national and sub‐national belonging and exclusion, with commercial farm workers – deemed foreigners – the chief victims. The dramatic challenge that the invasions pose to private property, and to the rule of law more generally, suggest the possible collapse of large‐scale capitalist farming and the withdrawal of aid and foreign investment. Yet, at the same time, new forms of capitalist investment in transnational safari hunting and eco‐tourism continue to nibble away at the land base of the most peripheral of the old African reserves, facilitated by the romantic idealism of international conservation NGOs, and the aggressive disciplinary impulses of Rural District Councils. The same shifts in patterns of elite global consumption have led conservative white ranchers to take down fences in favour of wildlife conservancies organized around a coextensive commonage. These profound, if contradictory, transformations in Zimbabwe's agrarian social order are illuminated by a new generation of ethnographically grounded scholarship, the range of which is represented in the contributions to this special issue of the Journal of Agrarian Change.     

试述毛泽东早期社会改造思想的发展

通过对毛泽东早期言行的探讨，寻找其对当时各种思潮的接纳情况及其思想转化的轨迹，认为毛泽东早期受改良思想影响最为持久，并最后走上革命的道路。     

应用型本科高校大学语文教学目标的定位与实施

大学语文课程是普通高校针对非中文专业的学生开设的一门公共必修课。自1978年在高校再次开设这门课程以来已经过去了30多年,大学语文在迎来良好发展机遇的同时也面临着巨大的挑战,大学语文教学改革势在必行。在应用型人才培养模式下,大学语文教学应重新定位课程目标,突出语言运用能力的培养,应注重教学方法的改革,以激发大学生学习语文的兴趣,让这门课程焕发出真正的活力。     

当代书法评析：变革、变异与审美悖反

书法艺术在当代的繁荣和发展与书家的积极变革分不开，但在变革过程中所产生的变异又与书家的审美取向不无因果联系。在时尚化的社会背景下，书家审美情趣异化，在自由书写中张扬自我，悖反审美。部分书家为上展评奖投机取巧，导致审美雷同。书法变革的审美取向应该在民族化、健康化、典雅化的前提下进行。