Exploring the widening food gap: an international perspective

Using data for a long panel of 90 developed and developing countries, this article explores the effects of research and development (R&D) and fixed capital stock on agricultural land productivity over the period 1961–2012. Instruments are used for R&D to deal with feedback effects and measurement errors. The results show very high social returns to investment in R&D and to fixed capital stock, suggesting that increasing investment in these factors are promising ways of arresting the increasing food prices due to increasing demand for animal protein, population growth, desertification, salinization, soil erosion, climate change, and decreasing growth in land productivity.     

对齐齐哈尔市发展幼儿教育的思考与建议

发展幼儿教育可以扩大就业市场,可以为提高劳动力素质奠定基础,同时可以推动幼儿师范教育的进一步发展。各级政府要抓好学前教育的普及工作;小学学前班的从教人员应纳入正常的编制管理;幼儿园的收费不应以园所属性定标准;可将部分小学改办成幼儿园,以避免教育资源的浪费。尤应充分发挥“省西部地区幼教师资中心”的作用,加强对现有非幼师专业的教师培训,使之专业化。     

Managing Food Price Instability in Asia: A Macro Food Security Perspective*

The present paper describes the benefits and costs, in qualitative terms, of managing food price instability in Asia in the context of promoting economic growth and poverty reduction to improve food security. The experience of Asian governments in actual practice with price stabilization is discussed in the context of managing an efficient transition to market‐mediated food security. Recent experience in Indonesia, where a sharp increase in rice prices (caused by a ban on rice imports) pushed 4 million people into poverty, provides continued motivation for the analytical story in this paper.     

水稻精简栽培模式对产量效益的影响

随着农村经济结构的调整,农村劳动力分配形式随之转变,从事农业生产的劳动力逐渐减少,水稻生产规模和生产方式出现了多样化,突出表现在水稻插秧方式的变革。对插秧效果、生育进程、抗逆性及产量效益进行调查分析,以便为今后推广应用提供理论和实践依据。     

Production Efficiency of Jasmine Rice Producers in Northern and North‐eastern Thailand

The paper jointly evaluates the determinants of switching to Jasmine rice and its productivity while allowing for production inefficiency at the level of individual producers. Model diagnostics reveal that serious selection bias exists, justifying use of a sample selection framework in stochastic frontier models. Results from the probit variety selection equation reveal that gross return (mainly powered by significantly higher Jasmine rice price), access to irrigation and education are the important determinants of choosing Jasmine rice. Results from the stochastic production frontier reveal that land, irrigation and fertilisers are the significant determinants of Jasmine rice productivity. Significantly lower productivity in Phitsanulok and Tung Gula Rong Hai provinces demonstrate the influence of biophysical and environmental factors on productivity performance. The mean level of technical efficiency is estimated at 0.63 suggesting that 59% [(100 ? 63)/63] of the productivity is lost due to technical inefficiency. Policy implications include measures to keep Jasmine rice price high, increase access to irrigation and fertiliser availability, as well as investment in education targeted to farm households which will synergistically increase adoption of Jasmine rice as well as farm productivity.     

西方家庭环境与婴儿依恋类型研究详述

国内外诸多研究发现，父母特质、家庭养育质量是家庭环境中影响婴儿依恋类型的重要方面，但仅考虑单一因素的影响并不能全面反映婴儿在家庭环境中的实际情况，Belsky、Hedwig等用生态学观点考察家庭环境中各因素对婴儿依恋类型形成的影响，更具实践指导意义。     

番茄糯米发酵饮料的生产工艺

研究了以糯米和番茄为主要原料生产发酵饮料的工艺。该饮料是一种低酒度、营养丰富、口味独特的浑浊型营养保健饮料。     

小型制粉车间的工艺改造

结合小型面粉厂短粉路工艺改造,强调完善清理设备和辅助设备的双重作用;对小型面粉厂改造必须考虑渣磨系统与清粉系统的设置与配合作用,实现联合精选物料,为前路心磨系统最大限度提供量多质优的纯净胚乳。     

从米糠油加工的废弃物中分离提取含量≥98%天然阿魏酸新工艺

文章介绍了从米糠油加工的废弃物中分离提取含量≥98%天然阿魏酸新工艺的技术原理、主要技术指标、技术创新点、关键技术与工艺,以及用户使用效果和项目鉴定结论。     

Option Approach to Search for Threshold Rice Price Toward Sustainable Paddy Field Management

This paper applies an option approach to search for the threshold rice price toward the sustainable paddy field management under rice price stochasticity. Rice price is assumed to follow geometric Brownian motion. The management model for paddy fields is a discrete stochastic dynamic programming model with binomial approximation for geometric Brownian motion, where a control variable is a decision to sustain or terminate paddy yield management. Our computational experiments indicate that an increase in rice price volatility could lower the threshold rice price for farmers to continue rice production. It is also shown that depending on the degree of rice price volatility, even under a lower price level than production costs, maintaining the management could become beneficial. Considering an option to terminate production could make the higher expected value of rice production than without it. Using 12 sets of time series data on voluntarily marketed rice produced in Hokkaido, Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata, Fukui, Ibaragi, Chiba, Niigata, Toyama and Nagano, the minimum threshold rice price of 6,700 Yen/60 kg was found in Chiba with the largest volatility, and the maximum of 7,250 Yen/60 kg in Ibaragi with the smallest volatility. If the market price becomes lower than the threshold rice price, some policy measures would be necessary toward sustainable paddy field management by covering the difference between them.