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61.
PAUL HUBERT 《Journal of Money, Credit and Banking》2015,47(4):771-789
Focusing on a set of central banks that publish inflation forecasts in real time, this paper aims to establish whether central bank inflation forecasts influence private inflation forecasts. The response is positive in the five countries studied: Sweden, the United Kingdom, Canada, Switzerland, and Japan. Three hypotheses may explain this central bank influence: central bank forecasts are more accurate than private ones, are based on different information sets, and/or convey signals about future policy decisions and policymakers’ preferences and objectives. We provide evidence that the source of these central banks’ influence is not linked to their forecasting performance. 相似文献
62.
Byung‐Uk Chong In‐Deok Hwang Young Sang Kim 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies》2015,44(1):88-128
This paper investigates how credit ratings affect trade credit use in short‐term debt financing. According to the empirical results, under information asymmetry in the debt market, credit ratings play a key role both as a screening device for the lender and as a signaling device for the borrower. That is, the credit rating system can mitigate the problem of information asymmetry to improve efficiency in the allocation of funds in Korea's short‐term debt market. Noteworthy is that, according to the empirical results, there is a nonlinear relationship between the level of credit ratings and trade credit use. Among firms with low‐ratings, an increase in credit ratings reduces trade credit use in Korea, whereas among those with high ratings, an increase in credit ratings increases trade credit use. Given that large firms have high credit ratings in Korea, the positive relationship between the level of credit ratings and trade credit use suggests the possibility of predatory trade credit transactions. In addition, various characteristics of borrowing firms, such as size, financial distress, product characteristics, and industry characteristics, are key determinants of trade credit use in short‐term debt financing. 相似文献
63.
In this study, we address the ongoing debate as to whether the competition among the world's major exchanges through simplified disclosure requirements is justified. Companies from across the globe have a choice of cross-listing shares as either American or Global Depositary Receipts (ADRs and GDRs, respectively). The former are primarily listed on the US exchanges – NYSE, NASDAQ and AMEX – whereas the latter are issued into non-US markets such as the London Stock Exchange (LSE). The GDRs listed on the LSE are subject to simplified disclosure requirements compared to their exchange-listed ADR peers that have to meet more stringent compliance standards. Proponents of the ‘light touch’ approach argue that firms cross-listing as GDRs are not subject to the higher reporting costs faced by ADRs yet still face similar valuation benefits. Those who challenge this approach argue that simplified disclosure requirements set by the LSE will ultimately be recognised by the market as ineffective, diverting traders from investing in GDRs. This study provides evidence that supports the LSE's ‘light touch’ approach and shows that the benefits of information risk reduction for ADRs and GDRs are comparable. The explanation for this finding is that the two avenues through which information asymmetry is expected to be resolved after cross-listing – disclosure and analysts – are substitutive and make equally important contribution to information risk reduction, eventually leading to similar cost of capital decline for ADRs and GDRs. 相似文献
64.
This paper analyzes the market microstructure of the European Climate Exchange, the largest EU ETS trading venue. The ECX captures 2/3 of the screen traded market in EUA and more than 90% in CER. Volume growth has averaged 277% in EUA between 2005 and 2009 and 724% in CER since 2007. Spreads range from €0.0188 to €0.0406 for EUA and €0.0276 to €0.0796 for CER. The median proportion of the spread due to adverse selection reaches 76% for EUA and 75% for CER. Realized volatility, bid-ask spreads and adverse selection costs decline with verified emission releases. Market impact estimates imply that an average trade will move the EUA market by 1.06 euro centimes and the CER market 1.45. The ECX is providing between 75% and 88% of price discovery for EUA trading and between 64% and 72% for CER. We find imbalances in the order book help predict returns for up to three days. A simple trading strategy that enters the market long or short when the order imbalance is strong is profitable even after accounting for spreads and market impact. 相似文献
65.
计算不同调制方式下的信道容量对实际通信系统的信道编译码设计具有重要的理论意义。首先从Shannon信息论出发,介绍了平稳无记忆连续信道与加性白高斯噪声信道容量的定义。接着利用互信息与微分熵的相互关系,推导了几种常用的不同调制方式下高斯信道的容量,并给出了相应的信道容量闭合计算表达式。通过将电力卫星通信信道模拟为高斯信道,对采用无速率信道编码联合不同调制方式的卫星通信进行了数值仿真。仿真结果显示,通过推导得到的闭合表达式计算信道容量,能对实际卫星通信的编码速率、译码启动条件的确定起到很好的理论指导作用。 相似文献
66.
Viviana Fernandez 《新兴市场金融与贸易》2014,50(5):87-109
Abstract:This study focuses on the measurement of spillover effects from macroeconomic factors to commodity volatility. It argues that such measurement is sensitive to volatility computation and to causality testing. To this end, I analyze two commodity data sets-gold and the Continuous Commodity Index (1969-2011), and twenty-four Dow Jones futures indexes (1991-2011)-and various macroeconomic indicators. I conclude that the macroeconomic factors that influence volatility generally depend on the commodity under consideration. I also explore whether commodities of the same class experience volatility shifts around the same dates, and find that this is not the case except for energy commodities. 相似文献
67.
Clearinghouses support financial trades by keeping records of transactions and by providing liquidity through short-term credit that participants clear periodically. We study efficient clearing arrangements for exchanges, where traders must clear with a clearinghouse, and for over-the-counter (OTC) markets, where traders can clear bilaterally. When clearing is costly, it can be efficient to subsidize OTC clearing by charging a higher clearing price for transactions conducted on exchanges. The clearinghouse then operates across both markets. Since clearinghouses offer credit, intertemporal incentives are needed to ensure settlement. When liquidity costs increase, concerns about default lead to a tightening of liquidity provision. 相似文献
68.
博客作为一种飞速发展起来的新兴网络交流方式,在教学中具有很好的发展和应用前景。由于产业经济学传统的教学存在内容滞后、师生之间缺少互动合作等问题,已经不符合当前产业经济学课程本身和人才培养的特色要求。将教学博客应用于产业经济学教学,可以将＂说教型＂教学转变为＂互动型＂个性化教学模式,也可以成为与学生交流的开放平台,搭建起教师与外界的交流桥梁,为课堂学习提供温故知新的空间,并促进教师自我反思,从而提高产业经济学的教学效果。 相似文献
69.
This study examined the effect of definitions for organic and natural on willingness to pay a premium for organic over natural chicken. Data were collected using surveys and experimental auctions that were conducted before and after information was presented. Before information, approximately two‐thirds of participants inaccurately equated the requirements of natural with those for organic. After information, nearly 50% increased their premium, while 30% decreased their premium. Logistic regression results showed that consumers who had overestimated the requirements for natural were most likely to have an increased premium after information, with significantly higher bids for organic. For those who decreased their premium after information, awareness of consuming genetically modified (GM) foods was a key variable. The non‐genetically modified (non‐GM) requirement of organic appears to be of low value to some consumers. Overall, consumer confusion regarding organic and natural standards may be having substantial impacts on the two markets. 相似文献
70.
Ben Lowe Diogo M. de Souza-Monteiro Iain Fraser 《Journal of Marketing Management》2013,29(11-12):1337-1366
AbstractThe increase in food-related diseases in society has led to a variety of public policy and private sector initiatives, such as the use of nutritional labels. Although nutritional labels have been shown to be broadly effective in terms of informing food choice, their influence is moderated by a variety of factors, such as how information is conveyed and processed by consumers. Recent advances in technology might overcome these limitations. Using a choice experiment, this paper examines consumer preferences for alternative technological devices that may aid consumer processing of nutritional information on food packaging. The results show which attributes of the technology consumers prefer, and identifies three distinct segments of consumers (‘information hungry innovators’, ‘active label readers’, and ‘onlookers’), and differences between them in relation to their preferences, demographics, and psychographic characteristics. The identification of segments is a novel aspect of this research, and highlights the importance of finding more customised solutions to the communication of nutritional information – an issue to which technology can contribute. 相似文献