论价值理性下高校《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论》课实践教学的人文旨归

理性精神要求以科学的实事求是的态度去认识世界,单纯注重工具理性,抹杀了《概论》课的受众对象——大学生的主体性,使大学生成为文本范式教育下被动的接受者;在价值理性的应然指导下,人本范式要求《概论》课实践教学彰显马克思主义的真精神,促使在马克思主义中国化的过程中不断去创新多种实践模式,以实现人文关怀的维度。     

组织制度的合法性起源研究

制度起源的效率论,由于自身的功利主义色彩,已无力解释新的组织现象。制度得以形成并维持,越来越需要得到社会的认可、接受和信任。当学者们质疑传统的效益观,重新思考组织制度的起源时,合法性概念成为研究的焦点。本文围绕组织制度是经合法建构的思想,首先回顾了合法性概念的演变,从中描述了合法性对组织制度的基础性作用,探讨了合法性的来源,接着对组织制度的理性进行分析,认为理性也是由社会建构合法存在的,最后对合法性研究进行了简要展望。     

效率、公平、社会稳定与住房问题——基于世代模型的政治经济学分析

土地和住房是劳动者历史共同体的公共物品。社会是否能够按照效率与公平的原则解决住房问题,其本质是社会是否能够解决劳动者现实具体利益与历史一般利益的矛盾,即个体理性与国家理性的矛盾。公共权力通过经济制度对租金的抽取和使用是解决住房问题的基本途径,不同制度模式具有等价性。在社会稳定的约束条件下,公共权力对租金的抽取和使用并不必然保证住房问题的解决符合效率与公平的原则,为此社会还需要具备公共权力良好的政治性质、法律约束力以及劳动者对国家理性道德自觉的条件。     

Does the Entrepreneurship of the Parents Affect the Opportunities of their Offspring’s Entrepreneurship? Empirical Analysis Based on the CGSS 2010–2013 Data

The whole society is paying close attention to “entrepreneurship,” which urges researchers to find an explanatory perspective relatively independent and with causality on the intergenerational transfer of entrepreneurship. Based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey (short for CGSS) during the years 2010–2013, this paper analyzes how parents’ entrepreneurship affects the probability of their offspring’s entrepreneurship, and the results show that compared with the offspring of parents who did not start their own business, those whose parents did are more likely to choose to start their own business. In view of historical facts such as the “lay-off wave” during China’s transformation into a market economy, we use “the annual number of unemployed back to work,” a provincial-level indicator, in the 1990s as an instrumental variable to correct possible endogenous problems. We find that parents’ entrepreneurship has significant positive effects on the probability of their offspring’s entrepreneurship, which may result from the informal transfer of human capital and wealth from parents to their offspring.     

以马克思主义哲学指引中国改革开放40年的财政改革

实践观点是马克思主义哲学首要的和基本的观点,基于风险理性的财政改革要求必须以马克思主义科学实践观为指引。从哲学的角度来看,中国的财政改革要从“此岸世界”到“彼岸世界”,并无现成的模式可以借鉴,唯有通过实践来实现,就是要“摸着石头过河”。“摸着石头过河”的改革路径有一个很重要的做法是先试点后推广。渐进式改革是要根据客观实际的变化在一定的条件下逐步释放改革措施,这是基于马克思主义量变和质变原理的改革路径,增值税改革就是渐进式改革的典型案例。“否定之否定”原理说明适时变与不变应基于事物变化的情况特别是风险的变化来考虑。这一点在我国收费制度的改革中得到了充分体现。“矛盾的普遍性和特殊性”原理说明改革不能搞一刀切,这在我国财政体制改革推进过程中非常明显。“整体与局部的关系”是调动两个积极性的重要哲学基础。服务于国家治理目标的财政体制改革,应当继续坚持马克思主义哲学为指引,根据国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的新要求做出优化调整。     

Examining the relationship between municipal consolidation and cost reduction: an instrumental variable approach

This study explores the cost-reduction effects of local government consolidation, using data from Japanese municipalities. We use municipal panel data from Japan for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010, a data set including numerous consolidation cases. Reverse causality between consolidation decisions and size of municipal expenditure is a concern in the voluntary consolidation of local governments. An instrumental variable (IV) methodology is employed to deal with possible endogeneity associated with consolidation decisions. The main finding is that municipal current expenditure per capita increases immediately after consolidation, but then gradually declines. Because consolidation seems to increase per capita expenditure in the absence of the effect of this long-term declining trend, incorporating this trend into estimation is crucial in cost-efficiency analysis of consolidation. It is also shown that conventional panel data regressions yield biased consolidation effects, suggesting the superiority of the IV approach.     

Effects of a holiday trip on health and quality of life: evidence from a natural experiment in South Korea

We examine whether having a holiday trip affects an individual’s well-being, namely quality of life, health status, stress level and health behaviours. We use the two-stage estimation method to control for endogeneity of a travel experience, exploiting a natural experiment of distributing Travel Vouchers at random among qualified applicants in South Korea in 2012. We find that, for applicants whose decision to travel is influenced by receiving a voucher, a travel experience has no significant effects on the traveller’s well-being measured 3–12 months later. We also find that the OLS estimates overstate benefits of a travel.     

Back to Buchanan? Explorations of welfare and subjectivism in behavioral economics

In light of behavioral findings regarding inconsistent individual decision-making, economists have begun to re-conceptualize the notion of welfare. One prominent account is the preference purification approach (PP), which attempts to reconstruct preferences from choice data based on a normative understanding of neoclassical rationality. Using Buchanan’s notion of creative choice, this paper criticizes PP’s epistemic, ontological, and psychological assumptions. It identifies PP as a static position that assumes the satisfaction of given ‘true preferences’ as the normative standard for welfare. However, following Buchanan, choice should be understood dynamically as a process whereby preferences constantly regenerate. Accordingly, the meaning of welfare emerges from an ongoing quest for individual self-constitution. If this holds true, then rationality axioms cannot serve as a priori normative standards. Instead, creative imagination and learning processes must remain central to any understanding of welfare in economics.     

Imperfect Information and Opportunism

Information is a scarce resource. It is inherently available only in a limited form to decision-makers. Limited or imperfect information is caused by uncertainty — both ontologic and epistemic, limitations in cognitive capabilities or bounded rationality, hidden information, and information asymmetries. This has fundamental implications for the manner in which the self-interested behavior of agents will manifest itself. The article argues that in the context of imperfect information, self-interest can function in a manner quite different from what standard approaches assume. This has been demonstrated by the recent financial crisis. However, there has been limited consideration in mainstream models, both of the neoclassical and institutional type, as to what the exact nature of self-interestedness is, and how this affects the market behavior of agents. The nature of self-interest, therefore, needs to be modeled explicitly to improve the explanatory power of economic theories.     

意图和逻辑及理性选择

经济生活中的主体在执行行动之前,总是先有一个意图,然后再制定规划,最后逐步实现该规划。在这个过程中,主体要进行实用推理,要和其他主体进行交互作用,同时其意图也会受到信息和信息变化的影响,这是一个动态的过程。在大量的现代分析理论中,知识、信念和偏好,都发挥着巨大的作用,现在的某些决策和博弈论者都坚持认为对决策环境的恰当的描述内容中都应该包括主体的信息模型。这些模型的发展,很大程度上归功于对现代动态认知逻辑的研究。决策论和博弈论都是工具理性论。