Introduction: methodologies of bounded rationality

The modelling of bounded rationality is currently pursued by approaches that exhibit a wide diversity of methodologies. This special issue collects five contributions that discuss different methodological aspects of these approaches. In our introduction, we map the variety of methodological positions with respect to three questions. First, what kinds of evidence do the respective approaches consider relevant for modelling bounded rationality? Second, what kind of modelling desiderata do the respective approaches focus on? And third, how do the respective approaches justify the normative validity of bounded rationality? To broaden the picture, we not only discusss the five contributions of this issue, but also include relevant positions from the extant literature.     

关于高校奖学金评定制度的研究

本文从奖学金评定制度现存的主要问题入手,提出应在奖学金评定过程中加强思想政治教育,最后,本文论述了构建合理的奖学金评定制度和奖学金评定委员会的必要性。     

进口结构优化与外贸增长方式转变的相关性研究——基于投入产出表的实证分析

本文基于投入产出表,借助外贸产品结构合理度指标,通过实证检验,不仅分析了当前我国进出口商品结构的优化情况,而且验证了进口结构优化对外贸增长方式转变具有正向促进作用,并提出了实行创新导向型进口结构优化战略的政策建议。     

基于技术批判理论的人的价值货币化问题的人文反思

现代社会技术文明的高速发展将人带入了异化的深渊,人的丰富多彩的价值转变成了被缩小化的符号化货币。基于这种价值观的异化,技术权威构建起了一套完整而扭曲的技术统治。如何通过人文反思来更好的认识技术异化带给人类的负面效应,并进一步寻求技术与人文的和谐相融,这将是技术哲学需要深入研究的重要领域。     

地质样品中贵金属多元素分析研究进展

近年来，贵金属的精确分析引起了人们的广泛关注，本文对国内外贵金属的试样分解、分离富集与分析技术的应用进行总结和评述，并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

A Stupidity‐Based Theory of Organizations

In this paper we question the one‐sided thesis that contemporary organizations rely on the mobilization of cognitive capacities. We suggest that severe restrictions on these capacities in the form of what we call functional stupidity are an equally important if under‐recognized part of organizational life. Functional stupidity refers to an absence of reflexivity, a refusal to use intellectual capacities in other than myopic ways, and avoidance of justifications. We argue that functional stupidity is prevalent in contexts dominated by economy in persuasion which emphasizes image and symbolic manipulation. This gives rise to forms of stupidity management that repress or marginalize doubt and block communicative action. In turn, this structures individuals' internal conversations in ways that emphasize positive and coherent narratives and marginalize more negative or ambiguous ones. This can have productive outcomes such as providing a degree of certainty for individuals and organizations. But it can have corrosive consequences such as creating a sense of dissonance among individuals and the organization as a whole. The positive consequences can give rise to self‐reinforcing stupidity. The negative consequences can spark dialogue, which may undermine functional stupidity.     

Non‐linear finance–growth nexus

This paper revisits the question of whether the finance–growth nexus varies with the stages of economic development. Using a novel threshold regression with the instrumental variables approach proposed by Caner and Hansen (2004) to the dataset used in Levine et al. (2000) we detect overwhelming evidence in support of a positive linkage between financial development and economic growth, and this positive effect is larger in the low‐income countries than in the high‐income ones. The data also reveal that financial development tends to have stronger impacts on capital accumulation and productivity growth in the low‐income countries than in the high‐income ones. The findings are robust to alternative financial development measures and conditioning information sets.     

商业银行操作风险的行为金融理论解释

许多研究表明，很大一部分商业银行操作风险事件的产生与银行职员的心理因素密切关联。文章从行为金融理论角度对人员因素诱发的商业银行操作风险进行了解释，并提出了相应的管理建议。     

Fiscal Data Revisions in Europe

Revisions of budget balances in Europe could be particularly worrisome as adherence to multilateral surveillance rules is judged upon initial data releases. We use a pool of real‐time vintages of data for 15 EU countries over the period 1995–2008. Our main findings are: (i) preliminary releases are biased and nonefficient predictors of subsequent releases, (ii) such systematic bias in revisions is a general feature of the sample, (iii) Eurostat's decisions explain a significant share of the bias and provide some evidence of window dressing practices, and (iv) expected real gross domestic product growth, political cycles, and the strength of fiscal rules also contribute to explain revision patterns.