会计信息违规性失真的治理机制研究

现代企业所有权合约安排决定了经营者分享企业剩余索取权.现代企业会计规则合约安排是政府享有一般通用会计规则制定权、经营者享有剩余会计规则制定权和会计规则执行权、注册会计师享有会计规则监督权;在会计规则监督权弱化条件下,经营者控制了企业剩余的计量.经营者既分享剩余又控制剩余计量导致了会计信息违规性失真.会计信息违规性失真是程序理性观下的信息失真.治理此问题,不能破坏现行的制度均衡,博弈论分析表明,政府加重对注册会计师偷懒(而不是对经营者舞弊)的处罚在长期中可以达到遏制会计信息违规性失真的目的.     

Are individuals entering self‐employment overly optimistic? an empirical test of plans and projections on nascent entrepreneur expectations

This research examines the rationality of the expectations of nascent entrepreneurs. Consistent with conjectures regarding entry into self‐employment, I find substantial overoptimism in nascent entrepreneurs' expectations, in that they overestimate the probability that their nascent activity will result in an operating venture. Further, for those ventures that achieve operation, individuals overestimate the expected future sales and employment. To explain variations in overoptimism, I posit that those individuals who adopt an inside view to forecasting through the use of plans and financial projections, will exhibit greater ex ante bias in their expectations. Consistent with the inside view causing overoptimism in expectations, I find that the preparation of projected financial statements results in more overly optimistic venture sale forecasts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

股票期权激励契约合理性及其约束性因素——基于中国上市公司的实证分析

股权激励是完善上市公司治理的重要环节。设计适合中国上市公司特征的股权激励方案并规避其所带来的风险是使其发挥作用的关键。本文以2006—2008年公布与实施股票期权激励方式的中国上市公司为样本,对股票期权激励契约的合理性特征及其内生约束性因素进行了理论探讨与实证检验,研究表明,激励期限与绩效条件是体现股票期权契约合理性的关键要素,除外部法律与监管约束之外,大股东、债务融资与独立董事等内生性因素对两者具有显著的约束作用,进一步证实了公司内部治理机制的互补效应假说,为上市公司股票期权契约的设计与实施提供有益参考。     

Do family farms really converge to a uniform size? The role of unobserved farm efficiency*

We analyse the growth of family farms in Israeli cooperative villages during a period of economic turmoil. We use instrumental variables to account for the endogeneity of initial farm size, and correct for selectivity as a result of farm survival. We also include a technical efficiency index, derived from the estimation of a stochastic frontier production model, as an explanatory variable. Our aim is to check whether ignoring efficiency could have been the reason for convergence results obtained elsewhere in the literature. We found that technical efficiency is an important determinant of farm growth, and that not controlling for technical efficiency could seriously bias the results. In particular, larger farms are found to grow faster over time, while without controlling for technical efficiency the farm growth process seemed to be independent of initial farm size. The increasing polarisation of farm sizes in Israel has ramifications for the inefficiencies induced by the historical quota system, for the political power of the farm sector and for the social stability of farm communities.     

Rational decision-making and firm performance: the moderating role of the environment

This study investigates the moderating roles of environmental munificence and dynamism in the relationship between process rationality and organizational performance. Based on a sample of 62 manufacturing firms, the study found that environmental munificence and dynamism moderate the relationship between rationality and performance. Further, the study found that rationality is strongly associated with performance in environments high in munificence and dynamism. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于高校辅导员绩效考核之合理性的思考

当前高校辅导员绩效考核存在一些较为普遍的问题,探究其问题产生的根源,在制度理性中规制辅导员考核机制,体现合理、正义、人性化的制度氛围,还需要在社会关系的基础上,坚持否定之否定的方法,在实践检验中不断总结完善,使考核制度更加理性、考核工作更具目的性。     

理性视域中的和谐发展

在社会发展的不同时期,发展观也表现得迥然有别。大致说来,迄今为止,发展观依次经历了传统发展观—可持续发展观—和谐发展观几个阶段。与以往发展观相比较,和谐发展观对"何为发展"、"为何发展"、"怎样发展"的理解更加科学、合理。     

有限理性下消费者的贪心选择行为分析

有限理性情况下的消费者选择决策分析是对传统消费行为学研究的补充和发展。本文在消费者有限理性与效用理论的基础上,以消费者在有限理性范围内购买活动中效用最大化为原则,建立消费者的贪心选择模型,分析消费者的购买行为,证明消费者在购买过程中的选择行为所呈现出贪心选择性质,并分析证明消费者在有限理性条件下,以贪心选择出发进行的购买选择使消费者效用达到全局最优的条件。     

Calibration Estimation in Survey Sampling

Calibration estimation, where the sampling weights are adjusted to make certain estimators match known population totals, is commonly used in survey sampling. The generalized regression estimator is an example of a calibration estimator. Given the functional form of the calibration adjustment term, we establish the asymptotic equivalence between the functional-form calibration estimator and an instrumental variable calibration estimator where the instrumental variable is directly determined from the functional form in the calibration equation. Variance estimation based on linearization is discussed and applied to some recently proposed calibration estimators. The results are extended to the estimator that is a solution to the calibrated estimating equation. Results from a limited simulation study are presented.