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51.
The Effect of Protest Votes on the Estimates of WTP for Use Values of Recreational Sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elisabetta Strazzera Margarita Genius Riccardo Scarpa George Hutchinson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,25(4):461-476
Contingent valuation studies are often characterized by a considerable number of protest responses, which may cause selectivity bias on the final estimates for WTP. Sample selection models can detect and – if necessary – correct selectivity bias. In economic applications where the relevant dependent variable is continuous, sample selection models are generally estimated using Heckman's 2-step method rather than the FIML estimator. Either method has its own drawback: computational complexity for the FIML method, susceptibility to collinearity problems for the 2-step method. Using data on valuation of forest resources for recreational use, we analyse the performance of the two estimators. In this application, given the presence of some collinearity, the FIML is preferred to the 2-step method. A procedure is outlined to deal with selectivity problems in similar settings. 相似文献
52.
Researching Preferences,Valuation and Hypothetical Bias 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A number of recent papers in environmental economics have focused on the process of researching preferences – agents are uncertain
about preferences but with effort may narrow their uncertainty. This issue has arisen in formulating bids in contingent valuation
(CV) as well as the debate over the divergence between WTP and WTA. In the context of CV, it has been suggested that the hypothetical
nature of the preference elicitation process biases responses. This paper provides both a theoretical model and experimental
evidence to contribute to this debate. The model is a model of competitive bidding for a private good with two components
that are particularly relevant to the debate. The first component is that bidders are unsure of their own value for the private
good but may purchase information about their own value (researching preferences). The second component is that there is a
probability that the auction is hypothetical – that the winning bidder will not get the private good and will not pay the
winning bid. The experiment tests this theoretical model of bidding equilibrium and analyzes the effects of variations in
the parameters (hypotheticalness, information costs and number of agents) on the endogenous variables (such as the proportion
of bidders who become informed and the winning bid). Experimental results suggest that an increase in the hypotheticalness
of an auction tends to decrease the likelihood that bidders pay for information on their valuation with an ambiguous effect
on the winning bid.
相似文献
53.
Richard M. O‘Conor Magnus Johannesson Per-Olov Johansson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1999,13(2):235-248
We compare different contingent valuation question formats with each other and with observed behaviour for a non-monetary estimation task, the expected number of kilometers travelled by automobile. Open-ended questions, open-ended follow-up questions, dichotomous choice (DC) questions, and double-bound DC questions are included. The single and double-bound DC questions result in an estimated mean about twice as high as the actual value and the open-ended mean. The DC question overestimation seems to be due to an anchoring effect leading to yea-saying behaviour. Our results about the difference between DC questions and open-ended questions is consistent with the pattern observed in contingent valuations studies of the willingness to pay. Our results indicates that DC questions seem to be associated with a general overestimation problem that is present even for simple non-monetary estimation tasks. 相似文献
54.
杭嘉湖平原地区土地利用变化驱动机制分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
选择位于杭嘉湖平原地区社会经济快速发展的浙江省海盐县为研究区,利用遥感数据,对研究区土地利用类型的空间转移与格局变化进行分析的基础上,选取研究区土地利用变化的社会经济驱动因子,运用典型相关分析方法诊断各社会经济驱动因子对土地利用变化格局形成贡献作用的大小,同时运用典型相关系数和冗余度分析,检验了分析结果。研究结果表明,人口密度、单位面积工业总产值、单位面积农业总产值、城镇化水平、农民人均年纯收入等5个因子是影响研究区土地利用变化的主要社会经济驱动因子。 相似文献
55.
56.
57.
杭州湾萧山围垦区环境变化和土地集约利用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
萧山围垦是建国以来与海持续争地的历史,其业绩为中外瞩目;围垦缓解了萧山人多地少的矛盾,对发展国民经济具有战略意义;围垦后在河道、输沙量和土地利用构成等方面发生了相应的变化;为使垦区可持续发展,提出围垦区土地集约利用的指导思想、近期开发目标和处理资源开发与保护关系应注意的几个问题。 相似文献
58.
生态系统管理的研究是当前生态学研究的热点,生态系统服务(包括生态服务功能的价值评估)是生态系统管理研究的重要部分。本文从笔者的研究实践提出了区域生态系统管理研究的四项主要内容,分析了生态系统服务在生态系统管理研究中的作用,同时阐述了笔者在生态系统服务功能及其价值评估研究中的探索。 相似文献
59.
Patricia E. Perkins 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2007,9(3):227-244
Synopsis New developments in feminist ecological economics and ecofeminist economics are contributing to the search for theories and
policy approaches to move economies toward sustainability. This paper summarizes work by ecofeminists and feminist ecological
economists which is relevant to the sustainability challenge and its implications for the discipline of economics. Both democracy
and lower material throughputs are generally seen as basic principles of economic sustainability. Feminist theorists and feminist
ecological economists offer many important insights into the conundrum of how to make a democratic and equity-enhancing transition
to an economy based on less material throughput. These flow from feminist research on unpaid work and caring labor, provisioning,
development, valuation, social reproduction, non-monetized exchange relationships, local economies, redistribution, citizenship,
equity-enhancing political institutions, and labor time, as well as creative modeling approaches and activism-based theorizing.
相似文献
60.
土地是农民生存和发展的根基,土地问题是解决当前"三农"即农村、农业、农民问题的核心.土地制度的建立完善和实施直接关系到国家农业产业的发展和农村社会、经济秩序的稳定.农村妇女由于传统习惯和文化素质的影响对土地的依赖性更强,所以对农村妇女土地权益的保护更为重要.《婚姻法》修正后对夫妻财产制度作了许多新的规定,特别是第39条第2款,"夫或妻在家庭土地承包经营中享有的权益等,依法应当予以保护"的规定,是婚姻法对夫妻财产制度的一个新的突破.目前,农村妇女土地权益受侵害的现象比较严重和突出,在一定程度上扰乱了农村的经济秩序和社会秩序,因此,关注农村妇女权益保护,对解决农村妇女土地承包权问题是非常必要的. 相似文献