我国农业保险供求主体有效合作模式的思考

近年来,我国农业保险快速发展,但仍存在着承保额不足、基础服务不完善、经营区域划分不合理等问题。本文基于农业保险合作模式的效用分析,认为政府主导下商业保险公司经营模式是比较符合我国国情,能够充分调动政府、企业、农民三方积极性的有效的农业保险组织发展模式。为了保证这一合作模式的落实,本文从完善农业保险的激励机制、保障机制和监督机制等方面提出了对策建议。     

基于ERSM涡轮盘径向变形的非线性动态概率分析

为了准确设计高压涡轮盘和叶尖间隙,从概率的角度进行了涡轮盘径向变形的分析。介绍了高精度高效率的非线性动态概率分析的极值响应面方法(Extremum Response Surface Method, ERSM),并建立了其数学模型。考虑材料属性和边界条件的非线性,以及热载荷和离心载荷的动态性,基于ERSM对涡轮盘径向变形进行了非线性动态概率分析,得到了输入输出参数的分布特征和影响涡轮盘径向动态变形的主要因素。最后,通过方法比较,验证了ERSM在保证计算精度的前提下能大大提高计算速度,节约计算时间,改善计算效率。为进行更有效的涡轮盘设计和优化,改善叶尖间隙设计和控制的合理性提供了有效依据。      

超声波辅助提取黑豆油及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用超声波辅助法,以石油醚为溶剂提取黑豆油。考察了提取时间、提取温度、料液比和超声波功率对黑豆油提取效果的影响。结果表明,提取黑豆油的优化工艺条件为：提取时间9rain,提取温度58℃,料液比1：9,超声功率110W,在此条件下,黑豆油得率达到83．83％。对黑豆油进行GC—MS分析可知,黑豆油的主要脂肪酸有棕榈酸19．24％、亚油酸46．28％、油酸18．62％和硬脂酸7．3％等,其不饱和脂肪酸含量达68．98％。     

Expenditure Pattern for Food Away from Home Consumption in Turkey

ABSTRACT

One of the largest recent changes in consumer food purchasing behavior is the trend towards greater consumption of food eaten outside the home. Between 1994 and 2000, the share of total food expenditures spent on food away from home (FAFH) increased from 7 to 15% with an increasing share for fast-food facilities. This study focuses on whether demographic and socioeconomic factors have detectable effects on Turkish FAFH expenditures. This question is of interest because previous studies suggest that increasing household income, education, female labor participation and changing lifestyle especially in developing countries increased household FAFH consumption share but decreased food at home consumption share. However, no study to our knowledge has examined the combined effect of income, education, employment, and family status on Turkish FAFH consumption. The data for this research were obtained from personal interviews of representative sample households of the province of Adana in Turkey. The findings of this study generally indicate that restaurant facilities, employment of wife and education, composition of household, and income are statistically significant determinants of FAFH consumption.     

北京湿地退化的经济学分析

应用环境经济学原理,结合湿地准公共资源性、正外部性、负外部性以及代际外部性等经济属性,对北京湿地退化的经济成因进行了分析。结果表明:北京湿地退化的成因主要是缺乏可以产生抵消作用的制约因素、非正规的社会制裁、正规并能有效执行的法律措施手段、正反两种外部性的补偿与制约以资源分配代际权利制衡机制等。     

The evaluation of forest crop damages due to climate change. An application of Dempster–Shafer method

In order to assess damage risk caused by climate change in forest areas, Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence and fuzzy measures were applied to develop a framework for the estimation of economic forest damage. According to the definition of risk supported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a function of hazard and resilience lines of evidence was defined. The results of the hazard and resilience assessment were used to develop an economic framework based on Faustmann studies. The evaluation model, implemented through a spatial analysis procedure, was carried out linking Faustmann formula with hazard and resilience raster maps. The model permitted to estimate in monetary terms two possible costs to be supported: the first one is expressed as the expected damage to the forest crop on the basis of the current obtainable woody assortments and the second one referred to the potential expenses to pay in order to mitigate the risk. Finally, the framework was tested on an area of central Italy (Tuscany region).     

建设占用耕地空间差异的多尺度特征研究—以武汉城市圈为例

研究目的:分析建设占用耕地及其来源结构空间差异的多尺度特征。研究方法:采用基尼系数、尺度方差等方法,从市级、县级、乡镇三个尺度测度分析武汉城市圈1990—2015年建设占用耕地的空间差异、来源结构差异及其尺度作用特征。研究结果:(1)建设占用耕地在三个尺度上均存在空间差异,其中乡镇尺度空间差异最大,县级次之,市级尺度最小;尺度越低,对空间差异的贡献程度越高。(2)将建设占用耕地分为城镇建设占用耕地、农村居民点建设占用耕地、工业交通建设占用耕地的研究表明,三种来源结构的空间差异与整体差异基本相似,尺度水平越低,空间差异越大。(3)与农村居民点建设占用耕地相比,城镇建设占用耕地和工业交通建设占用耕地空间差异较为显著,对整体差异的贡献在三个尺度上均占主导。研究结论:多尺度研究能较好地分析建设占用耕地的空间差异特征,研究区须加强乡镇尺度尤其是城镇和工业交通建设占用耕地的空间管制,探索实施空间差别化管理,从而促进科学合理可持续地保护利用耕地。     

An extended peer communities’ knowledge sharing approach for environmental governance

This paper is devoted to propose an approach to implement the idea of extended peer knowledge to environmental governance by means of engaging the «extended peer communities». Socially robust knowledge relies on transparency and citizen participation. These two underlying elements take the form of both assessment and post-assessment decision support systems. Initially, during the assessment process citizens and stakeholders are engaged in the framing, proposal of alternatives, and evaluation criteria. Then the analysts assessed the alternatives proposed by means of DSS. Then, in a second stage, the analysts inspired in the idea of transparency, gave back the assessment result to the «extended peer community» who were able to give their opinion regarding the results and suggest potential parametric changes that were used for sensitivity analyses. The authors explore the proposed extended peer communities’ knowledge sharing for environmental governance assessment using a case study applied to a sustainable mobility planning process carried out in Tenerife (Canary Islands). The results gathered highlight that this approach is of use for guaranteeing the robustness of complex environmental decisions under high levels of uncertainty.     

行业收入差距监测预警研究——以浙江省为例

随着改革开放的不断深入,我国行业收入差距扩大已成为影响社会与经济发展的突出问题之一.因此,构建行业收入差距监测预警体系,对行业收入差距进行检测预警,为政府改革收入分配制度、缩小行业收入差距提供参考性建议等都具有积极的作用.文章从明确警情、寻找警源、分析警兆、确定警界并预报警度的理论环节入手,构建了行业收入差距检测预警体系,并以浙江省为例对行业收入差距进行监测预警分析,得出了具有启发意义的结论和相应的政策建议.     

上海市大力发展农村金融服务的SWOT分析

运用SWOT方法对上海市大力发展农村金融服务进行分析。分析结果可知上海在大力发展农村金融服务时存在政策、地理位置优势;但在法律和农户金融意识方面存在劣势;此外,上海市既面临互联网+与金融合作、潜在需求大的机遇,也面临违约和诈骗风险的威胁。