Concept Mapping as a Means of Evaluating Primary School Technology Programmes

Concept mapping provides a means for teachers and pupils to represent their understanding of an area of knowledge. It has been used as a planning tool by teachers to identify a framework of specific concepts and their propositions within a topic, as an assessment tool and as a means of collaborative sharing of knowledge. Information from two primary schools would also suggest that it can be used as a means of evaluating a school programme of primary technology. Research into people's perceptions and attitudes to technology indicated that there were a number of concepts and propositions associated with this field of study. A variety of groups of people including primary children were asked to describe what they understood to be technology and this information was constructed into a concept map format. The two schools described in the study had different programmes to deliver technology within the curriculum area of environmental studies. The first school had a planned programme of technology which was taught by the head teacher of the school. The second school had technology taught by class teachers, running as a thread throughout the environmental studies programme. In the first case the children knew when they were engaged in a technological task whereas in the second case the technology was implicit and the children were not necessarily aware of any specific subject area. The children's perceptions of technology and their attitudes towards it were analysed with reference to the constructed concept map. In the school where there were specifically programmed technological tasks, the children indicated that their understandings of technology were focused towards the design process; they identified technology as designing, making, problem solving and generating ideas. In relation to the Scottish curriculum their knowledge was concentrated in the area of the outcome entitled 'Understanding and Using the Design Process'. Children in the second school indicated that their understanding of technology was related to objects including computers and new inventions. This demonstrated that their ideas were mostly linked to the outcome entitled 'Understanding and Using Technology in Society'. It can be argued that in order to have a comprehensive understanding of technology the children should have knowledge and understanding of both outcomes. In the light of the results the head teachers of the respective schools decided to look more closely at their programmes in order to find out what modifications might be made. The head teacher of the first school decided to question the children more closely because he was aware of some attitudinal difference between the boys and the girls. He has now decided to do some further research in his school to see what changes need to be made. The head teacher of the second school is about to embark on a complete review of her school technology programme. The results of the research would suggest that concept mapping in the suggested form is a possible tool for evaluation of primary school technology prorammes. However this was only a small case study and further research would have to be done to provide more substantial evidence.     

Positioning and Competitiveness of Producers of Balsamic Vinegar of Modena

Abstract

The balsamic vinegar of Modena (BVM) is one of the most popular among the emerging Italian food products worldwide. This industry is characterised by a strong heterogeneity of the operators and by a relevant growth of sales and export. This paper first describes the main features of the market environment and the factors allowing all the BVM producers to gain a competitive advantage and their ability to compete. Second, a perceptual competitiveness map of BVM industry describing the competitive environment and highlighting the competitive factors managed by the enterprises are drawn using discriminant analysis. Cluster analysis is also applied to group the operators according to their position in the marketplace and to their competitive features. The study is useful to identify new opportunities for company differentiation and potential market niches or market segments with a lower level of competition. The analysis highlights that there is a low level of differentiation amongst the competitive arena, and the opportunities for differentiation appears linked to the following main drivers: an increased perceived level of quality, the introduction of an innovative products, the management of the price level and the identification of new attractive markets.     

知识图谱视角下区域创新效率研究态势与热点分析

为了精准把握区域创新效率研究热点,采用文献计量分析方法,基于 CiteSpace 知识图谱视角,对2003—2021年CSSCI数据库中收录的相关文献进行关键词聚类、时区演进以及突现分析,并对区域创新效率研究方法做综述分析。结果表明：近年来区域创新效率研究热度逐步提升,数据包络分析成为主要的研究方法;区域创新效率研究与相关政策相互联结、相互促进;区域创新效率还有较大提升空间;绿色创新效率是未来区域创新效率研究的重要趋势和方向。     

国内应急物流研究综述及前沿演进概述——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

基于中国知网数据库,对我国2000-2021年以应急物流为研究对象的论文进行筛选,运用CiteSpace可视化软件,从发文量、作者分布图谱、关键词聚类、前沿演进趋势等方面进行可视化分析,从而对应急物流已有成果进行梳理,探析国内应急物流研究现状及前沿演进。研究结果表明我国应急物流研究大致经历了三个阶段:发展初期、增长期、回落期,且该领域研究重心集中于应急物资的配送优化及选址。     

遥感提取灌溉耕地的特征优选以中国北方为例

目的 区域尺度的灌溉耕地空间分布信息是相关研究和管理的重要基础数据。中国的灌溉农业面积居全球第二位,但目前灌溉空间分布制图相对缺乏,且多依赖人工调查,利用遥感技术进行区域灌溉耕地制图成为未来发展趋势。针对目前对我国灌溉耕地特征参量研究不足、难以描述灌溉耕地优势特征的空间差异性的缺陷,更好指导未来灌溉耕地制图。方法 文章以高精度遥感产品作为真值,在对已有研究选用的分类参量进行统计分析的基础上,选取年降水、高程、坡度、地表水分指数和归一化植被指数作为不同类型特征参量的代表,通过单变量特征选择算法Select K Best,对我国北方不同地区的灌溉/雨养耕地的优势参量进行了系统分析,并针对主要问题提出了解决思路。结果 研究结果显示,不同地区的优势特征类别呈现较大的地域差异,一些新特征被发现较常用的参量更有效;不同地区所呈现的特征优势原因各异。耕地基础禀赋、地理条件和灌溉结果三者互相关联,共同影响灌溉耕地空间信息提取的精度。结论 耕地基础禀赋和灌溉结果最终归因于地理条件,地理条件是未来灌溉耕地制图中需要优先重点考虑的特征参量。     

电子平板技术在数字测图中的应用

电子平板技术就是全站仪+笔记本电脑(或PDA)+相应控制软件,将该技术应用到数字测图中,其优点是在电子平板(笔记本电脑或PDA)上,可以直观、实时显示出所测绘的地形图,这样可以及时检查,及时发现错误并改正。     

探讨“2323”模式在高职测绘专业教学中的应用

测绘专业是集理论知识与实践技能于一体的重要课程,对学生的测绘要求较高。为了进一步加强高职学生实践技能的应用,坚持以人为本的教学原则,贯彻以工程实践为中心的教学理念,本文提出了高职测绘专业中2323教学模式。此种教学模式在实际课堂上的应用有助于培养学生的测绘能力。     

关于无人机在大比例尺测图中的飞行质量探讨

近几年无人机在大比例尺测图中得到快速发展,如何保证其成图质量一直是广大测绘工程技术人员所关心的问题,本文针对西部某地利用无人机进行大比例尺成图飞行的质量进行了分析和论述,以期为无人机的发展和应用提供新的经验。     

技术管理的知识基础——管理学视角

基于文献共被引分析技术,对1984—2013年Web of Science收录的1134篇技术管理文献进行了知识图谱分析,识别了技术管理研究领域的高被引文献,从管理学的视角探索了技术管理的知识基础。结果表明:技术管理的知识基础包含7个主要知识群,即新产品开发/研发管理、创新管理、技术演化理论、战略管理、知识管理、组织理论和全球化理论。在解释每个知识群如何支撑技术管理理论发展的基础上,构建了技术管理的知识基础模型。